Measure | Podiatry intervention group (n = 23) | Control group (n = 20) | Standardised effect sizea Cohen’s d (95% CI) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T2 | T4 | |
Timed Up and Go Testb(seconds), Mean (SD) | 43.1 (42.3) | 67.8 (62.6) | 69.3 (78.9) | 93.0 (105.7) | 48.1 (28.6) | 66.0 (47.6) | 60.1 (36.8) | 61.8 (55.8) | 0 (−0.6 to 0.5) | −0.4 (−0.9 to 0.2) |
Ankle joint strength (Newtons)c, Mean (SD) | ||||||||||
 Dorsiflexion | 40.0 (12.5) | 48.4 (18.8) | 47.8 (12.5) | 53.3 (12.8) | 39.7 (17.1) | 49.4 (14.2) | 54.1 (9.9) | 55.4 (12.6) | 0 (−0.6 to 0.5) | −0.1 (−0.8 to 0.4) |
 Plantarflexion | 63.4 (25.8) | 73.7 (22.3) | 75.0 (18.4) | 80.2 (14.9) | 63.8 (24.3) | 88.8 (22.0) | 84.1 (14.7) | 87.7 (10.4) | −0.7 (−1.3 to −0.1) | −0.6 (−1.2 to 0.0) |
Berg Balance Scaled, Mean (SD) | 30.1 (13.2) | 29.7 (13.9) | 28.6 (14.1) | 26.7 (13.7) | 22.7 (12.1) | 26.1 (12.4) | 26.5 (12.0) | 26.2 (11.1) | 0.3 (−0.3 to 0.9) | 0.0 (−0.5 to 0.6) |
EQ5D UK Index Scoree, Mean (SD) | 0.7 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.3) | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.0 to 1.3) | 0 (−0.6 to 0.6) |
Barthel Indexf, Mean (SD) | 77.0 (16.1) | 71.9 (20.8) | 73.2 (19.3) | 71.5 (19.0) | 73.8 (12.3) | 71.1 (16.4) | 72.8 (15.2) | 68.5 (17.2) | 0.0 (−0.5 to 0.6) | 0.2 (−0.4 to 0.8) |
Nursing Home Falls Self-Efficacy Scaleg, Mean (SD) | 2.4 (0.7) | 2.4 (0.1) | 2.3 (0.9) | 2.6 (0.9) | 2.5 (0.8) | 2.5 (0.8) | 2.5 (0.1) | 2.5 (0.9) | −0.2 (−0.8 to 0.4) | 0.1 (−0.5 to 0.7) |
Podiatry Objective Clinical Scoreh Mean (SD) | 2.6 (0.6) | 2.9 (0.7) | 2.7 (0.6) | 2.6 (0.6) | 2.6 (0.5) | 2.8 (0.7) | 3.0 (0.7) | 2.8 (0.7) | −0.1 (−0.7 to 0.4) | 0.3 (−0.3 to 0.9) |