Table 2 Details of the computerized cognitive training intervention for the studies included
Reference | Training program/ task Cognitive Domain Trained | Description of Training | Training Frequency Training Duration | Total hours of training Supervised/ Home-based | Control Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Suo et al. [19] 2016 | COGPACK Multidomain: memory, attention, response speed, executive functions, language | COGPACK: Exercises focused on memory, attention, response speed, executive functions, and language | 26Â weeks 52 sessions 90Â min/session | 78 Supervised | Active: watched videos on computer, followed by questions |
Rosen et al. [18] 2011 | Posit Science Multidomain: processing speed, accuracy in auditory processing | Auditory verbal repetition paradigm: 7 exercises aimed at improving processing speed and accuracy in auditory processing | 5Â weeks 24 sessions 100Â min/session | 36 Home | Active: 3 different computer-based activities (listening to audiobooks, reading online news, playing visuospatial computer game) |
Lampit et al. [16] 2015 | COGPACK Multidomain: memory, attention, response speed, executive functions, language | Exercises focused on memory, attention, response speed, executive functions, and language | 12 weeks 3×/week 60 min/session | 36 Supervised | Active: viewed 7 National Geographic videos per session on a computer with multiple choice questions |
Belleville et al. [21] 2014 | Customized program Executive Function: Attention | Alphanumeric equation task: judge accuracy of visually presented letter and number equations. Visual detection task: detect the red rectangles (press a button) in a series of white and red rectangles Groups: 1. Single repeated: Complete both tasks individually (focused attention) 2. Divided fixed: Complete 2 tasks simultaneously with divided attention (50%) 3. Divided variable: Complete two tasks simultaneously with different attention allocation levels (80%, 50%, 20%) | 2 weeks 3×/week 1 h/session | 6 Supervised | No Control |
Lin et al. [17] 2014 | RehaCom Executive Function and memory | Computer-assisted exercise focused on memory and executive function | 10 weeks 6×/week 60 min/session | 60 Supervised | Passive |
Strenziok et al. [24] 2014 | Multidomain: Brain Fitness (BF): auditory perception; Space Fortress (SF): visuomotor and working memory Rise of Nation (RoN): attention, motor processing, working memory, reasoning, visuospatial short-term memory, task-switching | 1. Brain Fitness (BF): Adaptive auditory perception computer game 2. Space Fortress (SF): Complex skill acquisition computer game 3. Rise of Nations (RoN): Off-the shelf real-time strategy computer game | 6 weeks 36 sessions 60 min/session | 36 Supervised + Home (50–50%) | No Control |
Lövden et al. [23] 2010 | Customized program Multidomain: working memory, episodic memory, perceptual speed | Working Memory (3-Back, Memory updating, Alpha span) Episodic memory (Object-position memory, Number-noun pairs, Word lists) Perceptual speed (Choice reaction tasks, Comparison Tasks) | >4 months Average of 100 ± 3.7 sessions 60 min/session | Average of 100 Supervised | Passive: Pre-post MRI only |
Antonenko et al. [20] 2016 | Object-location Learning Paradigm Memory | Object-location Learning Paradigm: Learn the correct spatial locations of buildings on a street map. Five blocks of 120 stimulus-location pairing with a response interval of 3Â s. Each block was followed by a cued recall and a recognition task | 3 consecutive days 5 learning blocks/day | Unknown Unspecified | No Control |
Heinzel et al. [22] 2014 | n -Back training Executive Function: Working Memory | Adaptive n-back training, 3 runs (12 blocks/run) each session. Difficulty level increased according to individual performance (higher working memory load, shortened interstimulus interval (ISI). ISI ranged from 1500 to 500 ms in steps of 500 ms. | 4 weeks 3×/week 45 min/session | 9 Supervised | No control |