High prevalence of sarcopenia among binge drinking elderly women: a nationwide population-based study

BMC Geriatrics

Table 2 Characteristics of elderly Korean women older than 65 years by presence of sarcopenia

Variables	All	Non-sarcopenia	Sarcopenia	P-value
	(n = 2322)	(n = 2071)	(n = 251)
Age (years)*	72 .5 ± 5.5	72.3 ± 5.4	74.2 ± 6.3	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²)*	24.1 ± 3.4	24.5 ± 3.3	20.9 ± 2.5	<0.001
Waist circumference (cm)*	83.1 ± 9.7	84.0 ± 9.5	76.1 ± 8.8	<0.001
Appendicular SMI (kg/m²)*	6.4 ± 1.1	6.5 ± 1.0	5.0 ± 0.3	<0.001
Education (%)				0.499
< Elementary school	86.7	87.0	84.2
Elementary school	6.3	6.2	7.5
Middle school	5.4	5.2	7.1
> Middle school	1.6	1.6	1.2
Cigarette smoking status (%)				0.245
Never	89.6	89.9	86.6
Former	1.6	1.5	2.4
Current	8.8	8.6	10.9
Moderate physical activity (%)^a	12.3	12.8	8.6	0.064
Walking physical activity (%)^b	39.7	40.0	38.0	0.561
Income (%)				0.711
Quartile 1 (lowest)	24.4	24.5	23.8
Quartile 2	25.5	25.9	22.9
Quartile 3	24.4	24.3	25.8
Quartile 4 (highest)	25.6	25.4	27.5
Energy intake (kcal/day)*	1420.6 ± 534.5	1437.6 ± 540.7	1276.1 ± 454.0	<0.001
Protein intake (g/day)*	44.7 ± 22.9	45.3 ± 23.2	40.0 ± 19.5	0.001
Comorbidity (%)
Diabetes	17.7	17.8	17.0	0.352
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	0.5	0.5	0	0.892
Chronic renal failure	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.053
Malignancy	5.7	5.6	6.4	0.641

^*All values are presented as the mean ± SD and percentage distribution of participants, as appropriate: BMI body mass index, SMI skeletal muscle index, BMD bone mass density. Significance was compared between non-sarcopenia and sarcopenia groups using Student’s t-test or Pearson chi-square test
^aModerate physical activity was 5 or more days of moderate-intensity activity for at least 30 min per day
^bWalking physical activity was 5 or more days of walking of at least 30 min per day

ISSN: 1471-2318