High risk of malnutrition is associated with low muscle mass in older hospitalized patients - a prospective cohort study

Table 4 Differences in change of hand grip strength and muscle mass parameters dependent on the risk of malnutrition

			Risk of malnutrition		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
			Low	High	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
			n = 159	n = 65
HGS, kg	♂	101	+1.05 (4.77)	+0.75 (3.62)	1.01	0.93–1.09	1.01	0.93–1.09	NA
	♀	120	+0.78 (4.00)	+1.23 (4.20)	1.01	0.93–1.09	1.01	0.93–1.09	NA
SMM, kg		179	−0.14 (2.09)	+0.28 (1.86)	1.05	0.89–1.23	1.05	0.89–1.23	1.05	0.89–1.24
ALM, kg		179	+0.38 (1.93)	+0.80 (2.08)	1.05	0.88–1.24	1.05	0.88–1.24	1.05	0.88–1.24
FFM, kg		179	+0.14 (3.81)	+0.85 (3.55)	1.02	0.93–1.12	1.02	0.93–1.12	1.03	0.94–1.12
SMI, kg/m²	♂	78	−0.06 (0.56)	+0.09 (0.61)	1.06	0.68–1.66	1.06	0.68–1.66	NA
	♀	101	−0.04 (0.92)	+0.12 (0.76)	1.06	0.68–1.66	1.06	0.68–1.66	NA
Relative SMM, %		179	−0.25 (3.16)	+0.60 (2.84)	1.07	0.96–1.19	1.07	0.96–1.19	1.06	0.95–1.18
Relative ALM, %		179	+0.58 (2.88)	+1.44 (3.24)	1.06	0.95–1.19	1.06	0.95–1.19	1.06	0.94–1.18
Relative FFM, %		179	+0.13 (5.73)	+1.58 (5.39)	1.03	0.98–1.10	1.03	0.98–1.10	1.03	0.97–1.09

All variables are presented as mean (sd). HGS Hand Grip Strength. SMM Skeletal Muscle Mass. ALM Appendicular Lean Mass. FFM Fat Free Mass. SMI Skeletal Muscle Index. NA Not Applicable. Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, time between the two measurements and value at admission. Model 2 as 1 and comorbidities. Model 3 as 1 and absolute muscle parameters (SMM, ALM, FFM) for corresponding relative muscle parameter at admission, relative muscle parameters for weight at admission

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