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Table 2 Characteristics by age category among the study participants (n = 17,680)

From: Age and gender differences in the association between social participation and instrumental activities of daily living among community-dwelling elderly

 

65–68 years

69–71 years

72–76 years

77–100 years

P for trenda

(n = 4811)

(n = 3424)

(n = 4811)

(n = 4634)

Residential area: A City

50.1%

50.4%

50.7%

50.9%

0.409

Gender: males

45.7%

46.7%

47.9%

46.3%

0.413

Marital status: not married

19.3%

20.8%

24.8%

40.5%

<0.001

Subjective economic situations: poor

18.0%

17.9%

18.9%

14.2%

<0.001

Pensions: National pension

34.5%

36.4%

37.8%

37.6%

0.001

Presence of hypertension

34.8%

38.2%

40.8%

43.6%

<0.001

Presence of ophthalmologic disease

10.5%

14.5%

17.1%

20.2%

<0.001

Presence of musculoskeletal disorders

8.9%

10.6%

13.8%

18.9%

<0.001

Body mass index: underweight (<18.5)

6.0%

5.2%

6.1%

7.9%

<0.001

Alcohol intake: daily drinkers

25.3%

24.7%

21.5%

16.7%

<0.001

Smoking history: current smokers

14.0%

11.8%

10.1%

7.1%

<0.001

Frequency of meals: once or twice a day

7.5%

5.8%

6.0%

5.8%

0.002

Subjects with depression

17.7%

20.2%

24.8%

34.7%

<0.001

Subjects with poor cognitive function

9.7%

11.3%

16.1%

23.0%

<0.001

Subjects with poor self-rated health

13.8%

15.4%

17.9%

20.8%

<0.001

Subjects with no sense of purpose in life

10.7%

11.0%

11.2%

13.8%

<0.001

Subjects with poor IADL

7.7%

8.6%

10.6%

14.2%

<0.001

Engagement in volunteer groups

16.0%

20.1%

20.3%

16.9%

0.210

Engagement in sports groups

28.8%

29.7%

29.1%

21.7%

<0.001

Engagement in hobby groups

40.3%

45.6%

45.3%

38.7%

0.143

Engagement in cultural groups

15.4%

17.6%

18.0%

16.9%

0.035

Engagement in senior citizens’ clubs

5.9%

12.2%

18.6%

29.9%

<0.001

Engagement in neighborhood community associations

41.0%

42.8%

43.2%

36.4%

<0.001

Engagement in paid work

36.7%

25.6%

19.2%

9.4%

<0.001

  1. aCochran-Armitage test