Table 3 Distribution of Baseline Characteristics by Life Satisfaction Trajectory Groups
From: Trajectories of Life Satisfaction and their Predictors among Korean Older Adults
Variables | Low-stable (n = 282) | Middle-stable (n = 1146) | Improving (n = 75) | Upper middle-stable (n= 1653) | High-stable (n = 361) | p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | <0.0001 | |||||
Male | 104 (36.9 | 391 (34.1) | 32 (42.7) | 717 (43.4) | 199 (55.1) | |
Female | 178 (63.1) | 755 (65.9) | 43 (57.3) | 936 (56.6) | 162 (44.9) | |
Age | <0.0001 | |||||
65–69 | 92 (32.6) | 446 (38.9) | 46 (61.3) | 738 (44.7) | 183 (50.7) | |
70–74 | 81 (28.7) | 322 (28.1) | 16 (21.3) | 458 (27.7) | 106 (29.4) | |
75–79 | 65 (23.1) | 209 (18.2) | 9 (12.0) | 267 (16.2) | 37 (10.3) | |
≥ 80 | 44 (15.6) | 169 (14.8) | 4 (5.3) | 190 (11.5) | 35 (9.7) | |
Spouse | <0.0001 | |||||
Yes | 135 (47.9) | 609 (53.1) | 55 (73.3) | 1068 (64.6) | 274 (75.9) | |
No | 147 (52.1) | 537 (46.9) | 20 (26.7) | 585 (35.4) | 87 (24.1) | |
Education | <0.0001 | |||||
None | 127 (45.2) | 962 (43.4) | 21 (28.0) | 537 (32.5) | 64 (17.8) | |
Grade 1–6 | 97 (34.5) | 398 (34.8) | 38 (50.7) | 614 (37.2) | 105 (29.2) | |
Grade 7–9 | 28 (10.0) | 104 (9.1) | 10 (13.3) | 201 (12.2) | 51 (14.2) | |
Grade 10–12 | 24 (8.5) | 103 (9.0) | 5 (6.7) | 203 (12.3) | 68 (18.9) | |
Grade > 12 | 5 (1.8) | 42 (3.7) | 1 (1.3) | 96 (5.8) | 72 (20.0) | |
Residential area | 0.0003 | |||||
Urban | 148 (52.5) | 503 (43.9) | 22 (29.3) | 666 (40.3) | 151 (41.8) | |
Rural | 134 (47.5) | 643 (56.1) | 53 (70.7) | 987 (59.7) | 210 (58.2) | |
Housing type | <0.0001 | |||||
Detached House | 184 (65.3) | 668 (58.3) | 49 (65.3) | 972 (58.8) | 195 (54.0) | |
Apartment | 39 (13.8) | 268 (23.4) | 22 (29.3) | 493 (29.8) | 140 (37.8) | |
Others | 59 (20.1) | 210 (18.3) | 4 (5.3) | 188 (11.4) | 26 (7.2) | |
Household composition | <0.0001 | |||||
Single adult | 90 (31.9) | 252 (22.1) | 12 (16.2) | 242 (14.6) | 32 (8.9) | |
Couple | 83 (29.4) | 372 (32.6) | 31 (41.9) | 719 (43.5) | 197 (54.6) | |
Others | 109 (39.7) | 519 (45.4) | 31 (41.9) | 692 (41.9) | 132 (36.6) | |
Physical health | <0.0001 | |||||
Poor | 256 (90.8) | 926 (80.8) | 63 (84.0) | 895 (54.1) | 72 (19.9) | |
Fair | 17 (6.0) | 143 (12.5) | 9 (12.0) | 399 (24.1) | 94 (26.0) | |
Good | 9 (3.2) | 77 (6.7) | 3 (4.0) | 359 (21.7) | 195 (54.0) | |
Mental health | <0.0001 | |||||
Poor | 201 (71.3) | 613 (53.5) | 46 (61.3) | 461 (27.9) | 31 (8.6) | |
Fair | 65 (23.1) | 369 (32.2) | 24 (32.0) | 616 (37.3) | 75 (20.8) | |
Good | 16 (5.7) | 163 (14.2) | 5 (6.7) | 576 (34.9) | 255 (70.6) | |
Private health insurance | <0.0001 | |||||
Yes | 5 (1.8) | 45 (3.9) | 4 (5.3) | 114 (6.9) | 47 (13.0) | |
No | 277 (98.2) | 1101 (96.1) | 71 (94.7) | 1539 (93.1) | 314 (87.0) | |
Financial stress index | <0.0001 | |||||
≥ 0% | 83 (37.6) | 423 (46.2) | 31 (49.2) | 732 (54.8) | 192 (66.0) | |
− 100% - 0 | 91 (41.2) | 374 (40.8) | 27 (42.9) | 476 (35.6) | 86 (29.6) | |
< −100% | 47 (21.3) | 119 (13.0) | 5 (7.9) | 128 (9.6) | 13 (4.5) | |
Life satisfaction score | <0.0001@ | |||||
2005 | 11.0 (±2.3) | 13.8 (±1.9) | 11.9 (±2.2) | 16.6 (±1.9) | 19.2 (±1.9) | |
2007 | 11.2 (±1.9) | 14.1 (±1.7) | 13.4 (±2.0) | 16.7 (±1.8) | 19.2 (±1.6) | |
2009 | 10.9 (±2.1) | 13.7 (±1.9) | 13.9 (±2.2) | 16.4 (±1.8) | 19.0 (±1.8) | |
2011 | 11.6 (±2.1) | 13.9 (±2.2) | 17.4 (±2.4) | 16.4 (±2.1) | 18.8 (±2.2) | |
2013 | 11.6 (±2.0) | 14.0 (±2.1) | 19.0 (±1.9) | 16.6 (±2.1) | 18.5 (±2.1) |