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Table 3 Estimates from linear regression analyses for physical activity volume [total activity counts (TAC, number/day)a and steps (number/day)]

From: Neighborhood walkability, physical activity, and walking for transportation: A cross-sectional study of older adults living on low income

Predictor

TAC (n/day)

Steps (n/day)

 
 

Crude

 

Adjusted

Crude

Adjusted

 
   

Model 2c

 

Model 3d

   

Model 4c

 

Model 5e

 
 

(n = 141)b

 

(n = 141)b fit on a line

 

(n = 131)

 

(n = 141)b

 

(n = 141)

 

(n = 138)

 
 

β (95% CI)

P

β (95% CI)

P

β (95% CI)

P

β (95% CI)

P

β (95% CI)

P

β (95% CI)

P

Street Smart Walk Score (10-point change)

1.01 (0.97, 1.05)

0.546

1.02 (0.99, 1.07)

0.221

1.00 (0.96, 1.04)

0.991

51 (−148, 250)

0.612

102 (−93, 297)

0.304

−23 (−207, 160)

0.801

Women

0.98 (0.8, 1.21)

0.876

0.98 (0.8, 1.19)

0.816

0.90 (0.74, 1.10)

0.308

61 (−978, 1101)

0.907

31 (−975, 1038)

0.951

−347 (−1309, 616)

0.478

Age (10-year change)

0.74 (0.63, 0.87)*

<0.001

0.73 (0.62, 0.85)*

<0.001

0.81 (0.70, 0.95)*

0.011

−1298 (−2091,−505)*

0.002

−1362 (−2168,−557)*

0.001

−903 (−1642,−164)*

0.017

Vehicle available

0.86 (0.71, 1.06)

0.156

-

-

0.94 (0.79, 1.12)

0.495

−695 (−1687, 297)

0.168

-

-

−293 (−1150, 565)

0.500

Aestheticsf

1.23 (1.07, 1.42)*

0.004

-

-

1.08 (0.94, 1.23)

0.272

879 (178, 1580)*

0.014

-

-

233 (−415, 881)

0.478

Crimeg

1.11 (0.96, 1.28)

0.173

-

-

1.07 (0.95, 1.22)

0.272

-

-

-

-

-

-

Body mass index (kg/m2)

0.96 (0.94, 0.97)*

<0.001

-

-

0.97 (0.96, 0.99)*

0.004

−234 (−316,−152)*

<0.001

-

-

−162 (−245,−79)*

<0.001

Comorbiditiesh

0.92 (0.87, 0.96)*

<0.001

-

-

0.97 (0.92, 1.02)

0.180

−399 (−625,−173)*

0.001

-

-

−120 (−336, 97)

0.276

Gait speed (m/s)i

2.79 (1.94, 4.02)*

<0.001

-

-

1.40 (0.90, 2.18)

0.140

4816 (2997, 6635)*

<0.001

-

-

1738 (−397, 3873)

0.110

Very much like to walkj

1.67 (1.37, 2.04)*

<0.001

-

-

1.32 (1.07, 1.63)*

0.010

2495 (1519, 3471)*

<0.001

-

-

1342 (337, 2346)*

0.009

Ambulatory Confidencek

1.13 (1.06, 1.19)*

<0.001

-

-

1.01 (0.95, 1.09)

0.690

546 (259, 834)*

<0.001

-

-

98 (223, 418)

0.547

  1. aTAC (number/day) presented as exponentiated regression coefficients
  2. bnvehicle available = 140; naesthetics = 140; ntraffic hazards = 135; ncomorbidities = 139
  3. cAdjusted for Street Smart Walk Score, gender, age
  4. dAdjusted for all predictor variables listed in this table
  5. eAdjusted for all predictor variables listed in this table with the exception of crime, since crime was not associated with steps (n/day) at p ≤ 0.2 in bivariate analyses
  6. f Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale—abbreviated (NEWS-A) Subscale F: Aesthetics (four-point scale); reverse coded so that higher score indicates better walkability
  7. gNEWS-A Subscale H: Crime (four-point scale); reverse coded so that higher score indicates better walkability
  8. hTotal number; measured with the Functional Comorbidity Index
  9. iAssessed as part of the 4-m walk (usual pace) component of the Short Physical Performance Battery
  10. jVery much like to walk (5 on a 5-point scale) vs. less than very much liking to walk (1–4 on a 5-point scale)
  11. kAssessed by the Ambulatory Self-Confidence Questionnaire
  12. *p < 0.05