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Table 3 Process evaluation on intervention and implementation strategies

From: Evaluation of a technology-enhanced integrated care model for frail older persons: protocol of the SPEC study, a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial in nursing homes

Topic

Data Source/Analysis

Measurement Points

Unit of Analysis

Recruitment of cluster

[Qualitative analysis]

- Measurement from documentation of recruitment & allocation process by research team

During recruitment of clusters

Nursing home

Delivery to clusters

[Quantitative analysis]

- Measurement of intervention fidelity across its components: in-service training; care planning; case conferences with assistant & case conferences without support; coordination of care; supporting & tracking through ICT

During and after each component

Nursing home & Resident

- Measurement of receipt in target population from the cloud-based SPEC computerized system

T2, T3

Resident

[Qualitative analysis]

- Measurement from interviews with onsite SPEC coordinators in charge of case management about what intervention is delivered and why

After T3

Nursing home

Response of clusters

[Quantitative analysis]

- Measurement of standardized questionnaire items sent to participants along with other follow-up measurements

After T3

Nursing home

[Qualitative analysis]

- Measurement from documents and interview data about target population’s experience of and response to the intervention.

During and after each component

Nursing home

Recruitment and reach-in of individuals

[Quantitative analysis]

- Measurement from documents and participant list

T0

 

- Quantitative comparison of those receiving vs. not receiving the intervention

T0, T1, T2, T3

Nursing home & Resident

[Qualitative analysis]

- Measurement from interviews with those who recruited the participants

During and after each component

Nursing home & Resident

Response of individuals

[Quantitative analysis]

- Measurement from standardized questionnaire of individuals’ perceptions of the intervention and uptake of trial components. (TAM, questionnaire for process evaluation)

T1 + 1 month; after T3

Nursing home

[Qualitative analysis]

- Measurement from observational and interview data about target population’s experience of and response to the intervention (documents, web data, telephone calls, audiotape of case conferences, etc.)

During and after each component

Nursing home

Context

[Quantitative analysis]

- Measurement from project manager’s documents and from standardized questionnaire to assess organizational and structural characteristics of nursing home

Before T1; after T3

Nursing home

[Qualitative analysis]

- Measurement from policy documents or interviews (semi-structured interviews to assess “care as usual” at baseline and at end of study)

Before T1; during and after each component; after T3

Nursing home

Implementation strategies

[Quantitative analysis]

- Measurement of quantitative data from web and documents

During and after each component

Nursing home

[Qualitative analysis]

- Measurement from project manager’s documents and interview data about target population’s experience of and response to the facilitation strategies

During and after each component

Nursing home