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Table 3 Odds ratios for use of each category of psychotropic drugs at one time point given use of the same category of the psychotropic drug at an earlier time point (the distance between time points is called lag), unadjusted and adjusted analyses where relevant covariates adjusted for were measured at the same earlier time

From: Persistent use of psychotropic drugs in nursing home residents in Norway

Variables

Unadjusted

Adjusted

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Lag 1, N = 1406 observations

 Antipsychoticsa

30.7 (21.8; 43.1)

<0.001

28.8 (20.31; 40.8)

<0.001

 Antidepressantsb

32.6 (23.8; 44.8)

<0.001

34.1 (24.6; 47.4)

<0.001

 Anxiolyticsc

33.1 (23.7; 46.2)

<0.001

32.2 (23.1; 45.0)

<0.001

 Sedativesd

22.6 (15.6; 30.8)

<0.001

23.1 (16.8; 31.7)

<0.001

Lag 2, N = 654 observations

 Antipsychoticse

13.3 (8.3; 21.4)

<0.001

13.5 (8.1; 22.3)

<0.001

 Antidepressantsf

15.5 (9.9; 24.2)

<0.001

16.0 (10.2; 25.3)

<0.001

 Anxiolyticsg

21.4 (12.8; 35.7)

<0.001

23.4 (13.9; 39.6)

<0.001

 Sedativesh

9.3 (5.9; 14.4)

<0.001

9.4 (5.9; 14.8)

<0.001

Lag 3, N = 288 observations

 Antipsychoticsi

16.5 (7.5; 36.3)

<0.001

17.9 (7.5; 42.4)

<0.001

 Antidepressantsj

10.0 (4.9; 20.4)

<0.001

12.6 (5.8; 27.2)

<0.001

 Anxiolyticsk

14.4 (6.5; 32.1)

<0.001

14.3 (7.0; 29.2)

<0.001

 Sedativesl

7.0 (3.6; 13.9)

<0.001

6.4 (3.2; 12.6)

<0.001

  1. Lag 1: two consecutive assessment time points
  2. Lag 2: one time point between selected time points
  3. Lag 3: two time points between selected time points
  4. aAdjusted for: PSMS score, NPI Agitation sub-syndrome, NPI Psychosis sub-syndrome, NPI Affective sub-syndrome, NH size age and duration in NH
  5. bAdjusted for: PSMS score, NPI- Affective sub-syndrome, NPI Apathy and duration in NH
  6. cAdjusted for CDR sum of boxes, NPI- Affective sub-syndrome and level of education
  7. dAdjusted for PSMS score, NPI Apathy and duration in NH
  8. eAdjusted for PSMS score, NPI Psychosis sub-syndrome, NPI Apathy, Type of nursing home and age
  9. fAdjusted for: CDR sum of boxes, PSMS score and NPI- Affective sub-syndrome
  10. gAdjusted for CDR sum of boxes, PSMS score and level of education
  11. hAdjusted for CDR sum of boxes, PSMS and age
  12. iAdjusted for PSMS score and age
  13. jAdjusted for: CDR sum of boxes, NPI- Affective sub-syndrome and NPI Apathy
  14. kAdjusted for NPI Agitation sub-syndrome, NPI Psychosis sub-syndrome, NPI Affective sub-syndrome, NPI Apathy, level of education and Type of nursing home unit
  15. lAdjusted for CDR sum of boxes, NPI Psychosis sub-syndrome and Nursing home size