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Table 3 Between racial/ethnic groupa change in smoking in the period preceding and following chronic disease diagnosis, HRS 1992ā€“2010

From: Racial and ethnic differences in smoking changes after chronic disease diagnosis among middle-aged and older adults in the United States

Ā 

Diabetes

Heart Disease

Stroke

Cancer

Lung Disease

Post- diagnosis smoker

(nā€‰=ā€‰2796)

Post- diagnosis smoker

(nā€‰=ā€‰4055)

Post- diagnosis smoker

(nā€‰=ā€‰1515)

Post- diagnosis smoker

(nā€‰=ā€‰2434)

Post- diagnosis smoker

(nā€‰=ā€‰1978)

Ā 

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

White (reference group)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Black

0.75

0.44ā€“1.32

0.69

0.41ā€“1.15

0.43*

0.19ā€“0.99

0.9

0.45ā€“1.80

0.98

0.52ā€“1.84

Latino

1.02

0.52ā€“1.98

1.86

0.77ā€“4.52

0.26**

0.11ā€“0.65

0.54

0.18ā€“1.58

1.09

0.41ā€“2.89

Age (years)

0.97*

0.94ā€“0.99

0.97**

0.95ā€“0.99

0.95**

0.92ā€“0.98

0.98

0.95ā€“1.00

0.97**

0.95ā€“0.99

Female

0.92

0.60ā€“1.42

1.67**

1.20ā€“2.34

1.00

0.59ā€“1.69

1.00

0.65ā€“1.52

1.44

0.99ā€“2.09

Education (years)

0.98

0.91ā€“1.06

1.01

0.95ā€“1.00

0.89**

0.82ā€“0.96

0.92

0.85ā€“1.00

0.95

0.89ā€“1.01

Income (thousands)

1.00

0.99ā€“1.00

1.00

0.99ā€“1.00

0.99

0.98ā€“1.00

0.99*

0.98ā€“0.99

1.00

0.99ā€“1.00

Insured

1.17

0.38ā€“3.60

1.09

0.52ā€“2.31

1.22

0.41ā€“3.61

0.59

0.22ā€“1.58

0.68

0.34ā€“1.35

ADL/IADL score (0ā€“11)

1.01

0.92ā€“1.10

0.95

0.89ā€“1.01

0.95

0.86ā€“1.04

0.90*

0.83ā€“0.98

0.95

0.89ā€“1.02

Comorbidity (0ā€“7)

0.84

0.66ā€“1.07

0.92

0.79ā€“1.08

1.00

0.79ā€“1.26

1.16

0.94ā€“1.42

0.90

0.75ā€“1.08

SRH (1ā€“5)

0.79

0.61ā€“1.02

0.92

0.75ā€“1.14

0.9

0.65ā€“1.24

0.90

0.73ā€“1.12

0.92

0.74ā€“1.15

Pre-diagnosis smoker

113.06**

69.25ā€“184.60

109.18**

70.77ā€“168ā€“45

105.76**

55.01ā€“203.37

82.53**

47.14ā€“144.51

70.38**

45.74ā€“108.31

  1. All model covariates as assessed at the post-diagnosis time period. All analyses were weighted (post-diagnosis weight) and adjusted for complex sampling design using SAS 9.2. Statistically significant racial/ethnic differences in smoking change are bolded. Binary models estimate post-diagnosis smoking behavior controlling for pre-diagnosis status
  2. Acronyms: HRS Health and Retirement Study, OR odds ratios, IRR incidence rate ratios
  3. aWhite as reference group. Statistical test significance levels: *ā€‰<ā€‰.05; **ā€‰<ā€‰.01