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Table 2 Within racial/ethnic group change in smoking in the period preceding and following chronic disease diagnosis, HRS 1992ā€“2010

From: Racial and ethnic differences in smoking changes after chronic disease diagnosis among middle-aged and older adults in the United States

Ā 

White

Black

Latino

N

Pre

Post

% Change

N

Pre

Post

% Change

N

Pre

Post

% Change

Diabetes

ā€ƒCurrent Smoker (%)

1954

19.7

16.9**

āˆ’14.2

526

27.1

22.0**

āˆ’18.7

354

15.5

15.6

+1.0

ā€ƒ# Cigarettes (mean)

351

18.3

15.7*

āˆ’14.0

126

12.8

10.2

āˆ’20.2

54

8.4

7.8

āˆ’6.2

Heart disease

ā€ƒCurrent Smoker (%)

3142

20.7

14.3**

āˆ’30.9

536

30.2

18.1**

āˆ’40.1

312

22.1

18.8

āˆ’15.0

ā€ƒ# Cigarettes (mean)

607

18.4

11.5**

āˆ’37.5

140

12.1

6.0**

āˆ’50.5

55

9.8

9.5

āˆ’3.6

Stroke

ā€ƒCurrent Smoker (%)

1024

22.5

18.6**

āˆ’17.5

264

32.9

23.3**

āˆ’29.2

128

30.4

19.0**

āˆ’37.6

ā€ƒ# Cigarettes (mean)

202

18.1

14.9**

āˆ’17.8

69

13.3

9.4*

āˆ’29.3

33

11.5

10.1

āˆ’12.2

Cancer

ā€ƒCurrent Smoker (%)

1963

20.7

14.1**

āˆ’32.0

357

30.0

21.4**

āˆ’28.6

154

22.1

15.2

āˆ’31.2

ā€ƒ# Cigarettes (mean)

278

18.9

12.0**

āˆ’36.5

55

11.9

7.8**

āˆ’34.2

20

11.7

9.8**

āˆ’16.1

Lung disease

ā€ƒCurrent Smoker (%)

1539

41.7

33.8**

āˆ’18.9

273

45.8

38.8**

āˆ’15.3

119

36.6

34.8

āˆ’5.0

ā€ƒ# Cigarettes (mean)

613

19.4

14.0**

āˆ’27.9

111

11.1

11.3

+1.7

36

13.7

7.9**

āˆ’42.4

  1. Within-group change in health behavior was assessed using Raoā€“Scott chi square tests to compare pre- and post-diagnosis proportions for categorical outcomes and paired t-tests to compare pre- and post-diagnosis means for continuous outcomes. All analyses are weighted (post-diagnosis weight) and adjusted for complex sampling design using SAS 9.2. The ā€œ% Changeā€ column represents percentage who quit for the current smoker outcome and changes in cigarettes smoked for # cigarettes outcome. Statistical test significance levels: *ā€‰<ā€‰.05; **ā€‰<ā€‰.01
  2. Acronym: HRS Health and Retirement Study