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Table 2 Outcomes of the EMPOWER intervention by cognitive status

From: Use of the EMPOWER brochure to deprescribe sedative-hypnotic drugs in older adults with mild cognitive impairment

Primary outcome

All (n = 261)

(n, %)

MCI (n = 122) (n, %)

Normal cognition (n = 139) (n, %)

Univariable OR (95% CI)

Multivariable OR (95% CI)a

Cessation

92 (35.2)

39 (32.0)

53 (38.1)

0.76 [.46–1.27]

.79 [.45–1.38]

Dose Reduction

28 (10.7)

16 (13.1)

12 (8.6)

1.60 [.72–3.53]

2.04 [.86–4.83]

Cessation + Dose Reduction

120 (45.9)

55 (45.1)

65 (46.8)

.94 [.57–1.52]

1.07 [.62–1.83]

Process Outcomes

 Improvement in knowledge

157 (60.2)

75 (61.5)

82 (59.0)

1.11 [.68–1.82]

1.06 [.62–1.80]

 Change in beliefs

147 (56.3)

67 (54.9)

80 (57.6)

.89 [.54–1.47]

.84 [.48–1.43]

 Improved self-efficacy for tapering

144 (55.2)

68 (55.7)

76 (54.7)

1.04 [.64–1.70]

.89 [.52–1.54]

 Discussed intervention with a physician

102 (39.1)

43 (35.2)

59 (42.6)

.73 [.44–1.22]

.75 [.43–1.32]

 Discussed intervention with a pharmacist

55 (21.1)

26 (21.3)

29 (20.8)

1.02 [.57–1.86]

.89 [.46–1.72]

 Experienced withdrawal symptoms during cessation

31 (11.9)

12 (9.8)

19 (13.7)

.69 [.32–1.49]

.60 [.27–1.35]

  1. aAnalyses adjusted for living arrangement, education, anxiety as an indication for benzodiazepine treatment and baseline self-efficacy