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Table 1 Interventions which are related to washing without water but are excluded from this study

From: How does washing without water perform compared to the traditional bed bath: a systematic review

Intervention

Reason for exclusion

Barrier wipes that offer protection to the skin in the perineum

Although no water is used, these products are not used for the full body wash. Instead, these products offer protection to vulnerable skin.

Antibacterial wipes, such as CHG (Chlorhexidine Gluconate) wipes

Although no water is used, these products are not used for the full body wash but for killing bacteria on the skin and thereby disinfecting the skin. Some studies were found in which CHG wipes were compared to washing without water products. These studies did not include washing with water in the comparison or were not a controlled trial and therefore were excluded.

Original bag bath concept

When the original bag bath concept is used, non-disposable washcloths are put in a bag together with a no-rinse lotion diluted in water. Therefore, water still needs to be used to dilute the no-rinse solution. Furthermore, it is not a disposable solution.

No-rinse sprays and cleansing lotions

Although no water is used, these products are not prepacked so that one package includes the materials needed for the full body wash. Separate wipes are still needed and therefore it is not an all-in-one solution as described in our definition of washing without water.