| China (n = 773) | India (n = 463) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | |
Lifestyle modification | ||||
 No | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
 Yes | 6.22*** | (3.80–10.2) | 8.45*** | (3.97–18.0) |
Sex | ||||
 Male | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
 Female | 1.56* | (0.99–2.47) | 1.06 | (0.45–2.48) |
Age groups (years) | ||||
 50–59 | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
 60–69 | 1.52 | (0.84–2.72) | 1.08 | (0.50–2.30) |
 70–79 | 1.53 | (0.69–3.36) | 1.60 | (0.62–4.17) |
 80+ | 3.44** | (1.02–11.5) | 1.01 | (0.45–7.06) |
Residence | ||||
 Urban | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
 Rural | 0.85 | (0.36–1.98) | 1.29 | (0.60–2.76) |
Marital status | ||||
 Never married | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
 Married/cohabitating | 4.53 | (0.38–54.2) | 3.49 | (0.32–37.7) |
 Divorced/widowed | 6.16 | (0.32–119.0) | 1.97 | (0.16–23.8) |
Educational attainment | ||||
 University or higher | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
 Secondary/High School | 0.74 | (0.15–3.74) | 0.89 | (0.26–3.00) |
 Primary school or less | 0.45 | (0.10–2.08) | 1.60 | (0.35–7.43) |
Household wealth | ||||
 1 (Richest) | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
 2 | 1.37 | (0.69–2.80) | 0.99 | (0.45–2.19) |
 3 | 1.55 | (0.72–3.36) | 0.77 | (0.28–2.13) |
 4 | 2.13 | (0.86–5.26) | 0.14** | (0.03–0.69) |
 5 (Poorest) | 1.83 | (0.62–5.40) | 0.47 | (0.09–2.30) |
BMI | ||||
 High | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
 Low | 0.50*** | (0.30–0.83) | 1.26 | (0.50–3.20) |
Nutrition | ||||
 Adequate | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
 Inadequate | 1.18 | (0.59–2.35) | 0.88 | (0.38–2.07) |
Physical activity | ||||
 High | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
 Moderate | 1.02 | (0.53–1.99) | 3.09* | (0.94–10.2) |
 Low | 0.44*** | (0.25–0.76) | 1.88 | (0.86–4.11) |