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Table 2 Multivariable logistic regression of association between socio-demographic and health behavioural characteristics and diabetes medication use, adults 50+ years, China and India, SAGE Wave 1, 2007–2010

From: Diabetes mellitus medication use and catastrophic healthcare expenditure among adults aged 50+ years in China and India: results from the WHO study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE)

 

China (n = 773)

India (n = 463)

Odds Ratio

95% CI

Odds Ratio

95% CI

Lifestyle modification

 No

1

Reference

1

Reference

 Yes

6.22***

(3.80–10.2)

8.45***

(3.97–18.0)

Sex

 Male

1

Reference

1

Reference

 Female

1.56*

(0.99–2.47)

1.06

(0.45–2.48)

Age groups (years)

 50–59

1

Reference

1

Reference

 60–69

1.52

(0.84–2.72)

1.08

(0.50–2.30)

 70–79

1.53

(0.69–3.36)

1.60

(0.62–4.17)

 80+

3.44**

(1.02–11.5)

1.01

(0.45–7.06)

Residence

 Urban

1

Reference

1

Reference

 Rural

0.85

(0.36–1.98)

1.29

(0.60–2.76)

Marital status

 Never married

1

Reference

1

Reference

 Married/cohabitating

4.53

(0.38–54.2)

3.49

(0.32–37.7)

 Divorced/widowed

6.16

(0.32–119.0)

1.97

(0.16–23.8)

Educational attainment

 University or higher

1

Reference

1

Reference

 Secondary/High School

0.74

(0.15–3.74)

0.89

(0.26–3.00)

 Primary school or less

0.45

(0.10–2.08)

1.60

(0.35–7.43)

Household wealth

 1 (Richest)

1

Reference

1

Reference

 2

1.37

(0.69–2.80)

0.99

(0.45–2.19)

 3

1.55

(0.72–3.36)

0.77

(0.28–2.13)

 4

2.13

(0.86–5.26)

0.14**

(0.03–0.69)

 5 (Poorest)

1.83

(0.62–5.40)

0.47

(0.09–2.30)

BMI

 High

1

Reference

1

Reference

 Low

0.50***

(0.30–0.83)

1.26

(0.50–3.20)

Nutrition

 Adequate

1

Reference

1

Reference

 Inadequate

1.18

(0.59–2.35)

0.88

(0.38–2.07)

Physical activity

 High

1

Reference

1

Reference

 Moderate

1.02

(0.53–1.99)

3.09*

(0.94–10.2)

 Low

0.44***

(0.25–0.76)

1.88

(0.86–4.11)

  1. Mean Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) China–5.77
  2. Mean Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) India = 4.65
  3. Note: Survey sampling weights applied
  4. 95% CI = 95% Confidence Interval
  5. *p-value < 0.10; **p-value < 0.05; ***p-value < 0.01