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Table 1 Characteristics of participants according to number of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the highest quartile

From: Prevalent peripheral arterial disease and inflammatory burden

Characteristics

Total N = 878

Pro-inflammatory Burden Scorea

P for trend

0 N = 302

1 N = 230

2 N = 131

≥3 N = 215

PAD, ABI <0.90, n (%)

61 (6.95)

12 (3.97)

14 (6.09)

5 (3.82)

30 (13.95)

<0.001

Demographics

 Age, years, mean ± SD

73.71 ± 5.87

72.82 ± 5.39

72.44 ± 5.13

74.22 ± 6.10

75.99 ± 5.87

<0.001

 Non-white race, n (%)

67 (7.63)

29 (9.60)

21 (9.13)

7 (5.34)

10 (4.65)

0.019

 High school or less, n (%)

217 (24.72)

56 (18.54)

59 (25.65)

40 (30.53)

62 (28.84)

0.003

Health status

 Self-rated health status, good/excellent, n (%)

753 (85.86)

275 (91.06)

201 (87.39)

111 (85.38)

166 (77.21)

<0.001

 Body Mass Index (BMI), mean ± SD

27.32 ± 3.56

27.22 ± 3.17

27.06 ± 3.72

27.39 ± 3.57

27.69 ± 3.86

0.146

 Systolic blood pressure (mmHG), mean ± SD

139.09 ± 18.92

138.94 ± 18.44

138.60 ± 18.59

138.58 ± 18.06

140.13 ± 20.47

0.555

 Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL), mean ± SD

106.68 ± 24.90

105.20 ± 21.53

104.22 ± 22.69

109.37 ± 32.89

109.75 ± 25.53

0.027

 Total cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± SD

194.58 ± 32.84

196.43 ± 32.52

196.78 ± 32.69

196.30 ± 36.28

188.59 ± 30.62

0.021

 HDL (mg/dL), mean ± SD

48.96 ± 14.65

51.05 ± 14.39

49.85 ± 15.46

48.35 ± 13.75

45.46 ± 14.11

<0.001

Medical conditions

 Myocardial infarction, n (%)

139 (15.83)

41 (13.58)

29 (12.61)

20 (15.27)

49 (22.79)

0.005

 Hypertension, n (%)

383 (43.62)

122 (40.40)

84 (36.52)

56 (42.75)

121 (56.28)

<0.001

 Congestive heart failure, n (%)

36 (4.10)

7 (2.32)

5 (2.17)

4 (3.05)

20 (9.30)

<0.001

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%)

97 (11.05)

17 (5.63)

26 (11.30)

17 (12.98)

37 (17.21)

<0.001

Diabetes status

     

0.002

 Diabetes, n (%)

142 (16.69)

39 (13.36)

25 (11.21)

24 (18.75)

54 (25.96)

 

 Pre-diabetes, n (%)

310 (36.43)

114 (39.04)

79 (35.43)

44 (34.38)

73 (35.10)

 

Medication use

 NSAID, n (%)

130 (15.51)

44 (15.28)

26 (11.82)

19 (15.45)

41 (19.81)

0.137

 Aspirin, n (%)

284 (33.89)

97 (33.68)

73 (33.18)

32 (26.02)

82 (39.61)

0.366

 Cox-II inhibitor, n (%)

63 (7.52)

20 (6.94)

11 (5.00)

10 (8.13)

22 (10.63)

0.090

 ACE inhibitors, n (%)

166 (19.81)

53 (18.40)

30 (13.64)

24 (19.51)

59 (28.50)

0.004

 Loop diuretics, n (%)

38 (4.53)

1 (0.35)

6 (2.73)

4 (3.25)

27 (13.04)

<0.001

 Antidepressants, n (%)

55 (6.65)

15 (5.26)

13 (6.07)

3 (2.46)

24 (11.65)

0.022

Physical performance

 Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly score, mean ± SD

149.92 ± 69.95

155.79 ± 66.48

158.76 ± 67.01

147.00 ± 65.49

134.02 ± 77.68

<0.001

 Walking speed <0.8 meters/seconds, n (%)

28 (3.19)

7 (2.32)

3 (1.30)

3 (2.29)

15 (6.98)

0.004

 Average number of drinks/week, mean ± SD

4.52 ± 6.90

5.23 ± 7.20

4.78 ± 7.25

3.61 ± 5.82

3.82 ± 6.60

0.001

Smoking status

     

0.010

 Current smoker, n (%)

33 (3.76)

6 (1.99)

7 (3.04)

7 (5.34)

13 (6.05)

 

 Past smoker, n (%)

514 (58.54)

172 (56.95)

134 (58.26)

74 (56.49)

134 (62.33)

 

 Smoking pack-years, mean ± SD

18.97 ± 25.71

16.09 ± 23.86

18.09 ± 24.74

18.04 ± 22.40

24.53 ± 30.07

0.003

  1. aComposite variable summing number of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-6 SR, TNFα, TNFαSRI, TNFαSRII, CRP) in the highest quartile