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Table 4 Walking adaptability

From: The efficacy of treadmill training with and without projected visual context for improving walking ability and reducing fall incidence and fear of falling in older adults with fall-related hip fracture: a randomized controlled trial

Outcome

(n: AT, CT, UPT)

INTERVENTION

Difference among groups

Mixed RM ANOVA T0, T1, T2

Ā 

AT

CT

UPT

P value

Effect size (Ī·p2)

Time effect

Group effect

Time Ɨ Group

Obstacle effect (%)

ā€‚T1 (19,17,21)

āˆ’18.00 Ā± 10.96

āˆ’21.06 Ā± 11.17

āˆ’24.34 Ā± 14.45

0.281a

0.046

F (1)=0.907

p=0.346

Ī·p2=0.019

F (2)=0.449

p=0.641

Ī·p2=0.018

F (2)=0.750

p=0.478

Ī·p2=0.030

ā€‚T2 (17,17,17)

āˆ’21.48 Ā± 9.75

āˆ’24.38 Ā± 12.11

āˆ’21.63 Ā± 12.87

0.717a

0.014

Obstacle success rate (%)

ā€‚T1 (19,17,21)

100.0 (16.7ā€“100.0)

100.0 (0.0ā€“100.0)

83.3 (0.0ā€“100.0)

0.132b

-

Z=āˆ’1.744b

p=0.082

r=0.168

-

X2 (2)=1.609b

p=0.447

ā€‚T2 (17,17,17)

100.0 (33.3ā€“100.0)

100.0 (16.7ā€“100.0)

100.0 (33.3ā€“100.0)

0.754b

-

DTE- walking speed (%)

ā€‚T1 (18,17,21)

āˆ’21.48 Ā± 18.13

āˆ’35.91 Ā± 18.56

āˆ’31.77 Ā± 15.52

0.046 a

0.110

F (1)=3.115

p=0.084

Ī·p2=0.062

F (2)=3.087

p=0.055

Ī·p2=0.116

F (2)=2.779

p=0.072

Ī·p2=0.106

ā€‚T2 (16,17,17)

āˆ’22.85 Ā± 17.03

āˆ’32.20 Ā± 17.48

āˆ’19.83 Ā± 15.65

0.091a

0.097

DTE- subtractions (%)

ā€‚T1 (17,17,21)

4.8 (āˆ’100.0ā€“208.0)

0.0 (āˆ’62.8ā€“55.6)

āˆ’4.8 (āˆ’100.0ā€“58.8)

0.776b

-

Z= āˆ’0.413b

p=0.686

r=0.040

-

X2 (2)=3.771b

p=0.152

ā€‚T2 (16,17,17)

āˆ’7.3 (āˆ’100.0ā€“120.2)

13.3 (āˆ’26.2ā€“77.3)

9.4 (āˆ’100.0ā€“677.9)

0.244b

-

  1. Measures related to obstacle avoidance performance and dual-task effects (DTE) in the adaptability treadmill (AT) group, conventional treadmill (CT) group and usual physical therapy (UPT) group directly after (T1) and four weeks after (T2) intervention
  2. P values for group differences were obtained using
  3. aOne-Way ANOVA
  4. bKruskal-Wallis test with the effect of time analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test and the Time Ɨ Group effect using Kruskal-Wallis test over the change score from T1 to T2
  5. Significant differences among groups are presented in bold (p < 0.05)