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Table 3 Hip fracture risk factors (medications) in AD and non-AD cohorts (persons with previous fractures excluded)

From: Comparison of predictors of hip fracture and mortality after hip fracture in community-dwellers with and without Alzheimer’s disease – exposure-matched cohort study

Risk factor

Category

AD cohort

Non-AD cohort

IR/ 100 PY

Unadjusted

HR (95% CI)

Adjusted HRa

(95% CI)

IR/ 100 PY

Unadjusted HR

HR (95% CI)

Adjusted HRa

HR (95% CI)

Any CVD medication

No

2.21

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

0.63

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Yes

2.18

0.99 (0.91–1.06)

0.84 (0.78–0.91)

0.98

1.54 (1.37–1.73)

1.02 (0.91–1.15)

Drugs for obstructive airway diseases

No

2.21

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

0.90

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Yes

2.11

0.96 (0.89–1.02)

0.97 (0.90–1.03)

0.92

1.01 (0.92–1.11)

1.00 (0.91–1.11)

Hormone therapy

No

2.23

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

0.93

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 

Yes

1.66

0.74 (0.66–0.84)

0.87 (0.77–0.98)

0.51

0.54 (0.44–0.67)

0.79 (0.64–0.98)

Bisphosphonates

No

2.13

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

0.88

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 

Yes

2.58

1.21 (1.12–1.31)

0.97 (0.90–1.05)

1.14

1.29 (1.14–1.46)

0.96 (0.85–1.08)

Proton pump inhibitors

No

2.18

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

0.83

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 

Yes

2.19

1.00 (0.94–1.07)

0.96 (0.90–1.02)

1.07

1.27 (1.17–1.39)

1.14 (1.05–1.25)

Anti-Parkinson drugs

No

2.16

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

0.88

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Yes

2.95

1.36 (1.19–1.57)

1.46 (1.27–1.68)

1.66

1.86 (1.53–2.26)

1.67 (1.38–2.03)

Antiepileptics drugs

No

2.20

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

0.88

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Yes

2.09

0.95 (0.86–1.05)

0.99 (0.90–1.09)

1.23

1.37 (1.19–1.57)

1.27 (1.11–1.46)

Antipsychotics

No

2.12

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

0.85

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 

Yes

2.53

1.20 (1.11–1.29)

1.12 (1.04–1.20)

1.64

1.95 (1.73–2.20)

1.56 (1.38–1.76)

Antidepressants

No

2.14

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

0.83

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 

Yes

2.28

1.07 (1.00–1.13)

1.06 (1.00–1.12)

1.24

1.49 (1.36–1.64)

1.34 (1.22–1.47)

BZDRS

No

2.04

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

0.74

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 

Yes

2.39

1.17 (1.11–1.24)

1.03 (0.97–1.09)

1.18

1.58 (1.45–1.71)

1.22 (1.12–1.32)

Opioids

No

2.09

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

0.80

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 

Yes

2.34

1.12 (1.05–1.18)

1.00 (0.94–1.06)

1.12

1.36 (1.25–1.48)

1.10 (1.01–1.19)

  1. aAdjusted for occupational social class
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