Table 3 Descriptive values of the intervention programmes for pre- and post-testing
Variables | M-SRT (n = 27) | ∆% | M-URT (n = 26) | ∆% | F-URT (n = 22) | ∆% | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pre | post | pre | post | pre | post | ||||||||||
M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | ||||
Questionnaire | |||||||||||||||
 Falls efficacy scale - international | 20.2 | 3.9 | 20.0 | 4.3 | −1 | 20.5 | 4.0 | 19.2 | 3.2 | −6 | 20.1 | 4.4 | 18.5 | 3.0 | −8 |
Muscle strength | |||||||||||||||
 Isometric leg extension strength (N) | 785 | 335 | 897 | 367 | 14 | 851 | 345 | 1071 | 359 | 26 | 867 | 366 | 995 | 400 | 15 |
 Hand grip strength (N) | 296 | 83 | 293 | 71 | −1 | 318 | 91 | 316 | 85 | −1 | 306 | 73 | 301 | 81 | −1 |
Muscle power | |||||||||||||||
 Chair rise test (s) | 10.1 | 2.7 | 8.3 | 2.2 | −18 | 8.5 | 1.9 | 7.8 | 2.0 | −8 | 9.4 | 1.9 | 7.8 | 1.5 | −17 |
 Chair rise test AIREX® (s) | 10.9 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 2.5 | −18 | 9.6 | 2.8 | 8.7 | 2.2 | −9 | 10.2 | 2.0 | 8.5 | 1.7 | −16 |
 Stair ascent time (s) | 3.9 | 0.8 | 3.6 | 0.7 | −7 | 3.6 | 0.8 | 3.4 | 0.5 | −4 | 3.8 | 0.8 | 3.5 | 0.6 | −6 |
 Stair descent time (s) | 3.1 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 0.6 | −8 | 3.1 | 0.6 | 2.8 | 0.4 | −10 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 2.8 | 0.5 | −10 |
 Stair ascent power (W) | 321.2 | 101.7 | 327.3 | 81.8 | 5 | 332.4 | 75.3 | 341.4 | 68.2 | 3 | 314.3 | 87.8 | 315.8 | 64.6 | <1 |
 Stair descent power (W) | 383.2 | 108.1 | 410.2 | 107.1 | 7 | 386.9 | 89.1 | 421.9 | 88.2 | 9 | 387.8 | 126.1 | 404.1 | 104.9 | 4 |
Proactive balance | |||||||||||||||
 Timed up and go test (s) | 5.7 | 1.2 | 5.3 | 1.0 | −8 | 5.2 | 0.9 | 5.0 | 0.5 | −4 | 5.4 | 1.1 | 5.1 | 0.7 | −6 |
 Functional reach test (cm) | 36.9 | 4.9 | 40.2 | 5.5 | 9 | 38.1 | 4.5 | 40.7 | 4.4 | 7 | 38.3 | 5.4 | 44.1 | 5.5 | 15 |
 Functional reach test AIREX® (cm) | 36.5 | 5.2 | 39.7 | 5.5 | 9 | 38.5 | 5.2 | 42.2 | 4.7 | 10 | 37.7 | 6.8 | 44.0 | 5.7 | 17 |
Dynamic steady-state balance | |||||||||||||||
 Stride velocity (m/s) | 1.4 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 8 | 1.5 | 0,2 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 6 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 6 |
 Stride velocity CV (%) | 2.8 | 0,9 | 2.9 | 1.4 | −3 | 2.8 | 1.0 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 22 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 2 |
 Stride length (cm) | 146.2 | 13.1 | 152.3 | 14.6 | 4 | 150.2 | 13.7 | 155.9 | 15.7 | 4 | 147.6 | 10.8 | 152.7 | 13.3 | 3 |
 Stride length CV (%) | 2.5 | 0.8 | 2.8 | 1.5 | −12 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 17 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 0.7 | 15 |
 Stride width (cm) | 11.5 | 2.6 | 11.6 | 2.8 | <1 | 12.6 | 3.3 | 12.3 | 3.6 | −3 | 11.6 | 2.8 | 11.3 | 2.7 | −3 |
 Stride width CV (%) | 22.6 | 9.8 | 24.7 | 10.8 | 9 | 26.2 | 11.0 | 29.3 | 11.3 | 12 | 24.1 | 9.9 | 23.9 | 9.5 | −1 |
 Double support (%) | 10.4 | 3.6 | 9.2 | 3.6 | −13 | 10.3 | 3.6 | 9.5 | 3.5 | −8 | 10.0 | 3.2 | 9.9 | 3.8 | −1 |
 Double support CV (%) | 11.5 | 6.8 | 13.9 | 13.3 | −17 | 10.3 | 4.7 | 12.8 | 9.2 | −20 | 12.2 | 6.5 | 13.9 | 14.1 | −12 |
Reactive balance | |||||||||||||||
 Push and release test (score) [median, IQR] | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 1 |