A critical review of the long-term disability outcomes following hip fracture

Suzanne M. Dyer; Maria Crotty; Nicola Fairhall; Jay Magaziner; Lauren A. Beaupre; Ian D. Cameron; Catherine Sherrington

doi:10.1186/s12877-016-0332-0

BMC Geriatrics

Table 4 Proportion of survivors that recover their pre-hip fracture levels of activity, participation or health outcomes

From: A critical review of the long-term disability outcomes following hip fracture

Study	Outcome measure	Pre-fracture residence	Surgical cohort	3–4 months	6 months	1 year	2 years
Activity – Mobility
Bentler 2009 [14]	Mobility activities without difficulty^e	NR	N				47 %
Crotty 2000 [49]	Level of ambulation^b	Community	Y	69 %
Crotty 2000 [49]		LTC	Y	58 %
Holt 2008 [62]	Walk unaided and unaccompanied	Mixed	Y
	Ages 75–89			22 %
	Ages ≥95			2 %
Keene 1993 [41]	Walk unaided	Mixed	N			40 %
Koval 1998 [44]^g	Ambulatory ability	Community	Y	22 %	38 %	47 %
Shah 2001 [47]^g	Ambulation independence	Community	Y			44 %
Magaziner 2000 [43]	Walk 3 m without assistance^{a, d}	Community	N			60 %	63 %
Norton 2000 [22]	Retain community mobility^d	Mixed	U				54 %
Osnes 2004[25]	Walking independence^f	Mixed	U			44 %
Pereira 2010 [39]	Remain stable on BOAS^d					55 %
Vochteloo 2013 [37]	Mobility	Mixed	Y	46 %		48 %
	Mobility without aid		Y	27 %		40 %
	Mobility with aid		Y	58 %		58 %
Activity – Composite measure of Basic ADLs
Bentler 2009 [14]	ADLs without difficulty^e	NR	N				49 %
Beaupre 2005 [50]^h	ADL level (MBI)	Mixed	Y	34 %	42 %
Beaupre 2007 [48]^h	ADL level (MBI)	Community	Y		71 %
Beaupre 2007 [48]^h		LTC	Y		22 %
Givens 2008 [52]	ADL no decline^{b, c}	Mixed	Y		71 %
Koval 1998 [51]^g	ADL level	Community	Y	59 %	71 %	73 %
Shah 2001 [47]^g	ADL level	Community	Y			70 %
Norton 2000 [22]	Functional independence^d	Mixed	U				72 %
Osnes 2004 [25]^f	Living at home receiving assistance, assistance received at same frequency	Mixed	U			49 %
Osnes 2004 [25]^f	Living at home without assistance					45 %
Vergara 2014 [38]	ADL (MBI)^b	Mixed	U		29 %
Activity – Self-care
Magaziner 2000 [43]^{a, d}	Washing	Community	N			62 %	56 %
	Dressing (socks & shoes)					67 %	67 %
	Dressing (pants)					80 %	80 %
	Getting on/off toilet					36 %	37 %
Activity – Communications
Magaziner 2000 [43]	Using the telephone^{a, d}	Community	N			78 %	77 %
Participation – Composite measures of Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)
Bentler 2009 [14]	IADLs without difficulty^e	NR	N				55 %
Koval 1998 [51]^g	IADLs	Community	Y	34 %	42 %	48 %
Shah 2001 [47]^g	IADLs					46 %
Vergara 2014 [38]	IADLs^b	Mixed	U		25 %
Participation – Domestic life
Magaziner 2000^{a, d} [43]	Housecleaning	Community	N			38 %	57 %
	Shopping					58 %	59 %
	Cooking					76 %	77 %
	Handling money					69 %	69 %
Pitto 1994 [29]	Social function (mix of self and domestic care)^{b, d}	Mixed			60 %
Participation – Community, social and civic life
Magaziner 2000 [43]	Getting places out of walking distance^{a, d}	Community	Y			47 %	47 %
Health condition
Bentler 2009 [14]	Self-reported health status^b	NR	N				61 %
Bentler 2009 [14]	Cognition (TICS)^b	NR	N				56 %
Magaziner 2000 [43]	Taking medications^{a, d}	Community	Y				71 %
Pitto 1994 [29]	Health status^{b, d}	Mixed		64 %			82 %

^aDetermined as 100 % less percentage of survivors newly dependent
^bDetermined as 100 % less the percentage of survivors deteriorated
^cIn this study, for patients who had died, functional status in the 2 weeks before death was determined by proxy interview and included
^dn/N not confirmed
^eDetermined as 100 % less the percentage of survivors that got worse regarding the number of activities with difficulty
^fDetermined as 100 % less the percentage with loss of walking independence/receiving assistance, participants not followed from inception
^{g, h}Studies from the same cohort
ADL activities of daily living, BOAS Brazil Old Age Schedule, LTC long term care, MBI modified Barthel Index, N no, NR not reported, TICS Telephone Interview to Assess Cognitive Status, U unclear, Y yes

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