From: A critical review of the long-term disability outcomes following hip fracture
Study | Outcome | Follow-up time | Controls matched for | Hip Fracture | Control | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Activity - Mobility | ||||||
 Boonen 2004 [19] | Unable to walk independently | 1 year | age, residence |  |  |  |
<80Â years | 30Â % | 7Â % | <0.001 | |||
>80Â years | 56Â % | 15Â % | <0.001 | |||
 Magaziner 2003 [21] | Disabled walking 3 m (SE) | 1 year | age, gender, walking ability | 54 % (2) | 21 % (2) | <0.01 |
 Marottoli 1992 [16] | Walk independently across room | 6 mo (HF) | age, gender, physical function | 15 % |  | NR |
1Â year (Con) | Â | Â | 72Â % | |||
 Norton 2000 [22] | Retain community mobility | 2 years | age, gender | 54 % | 87 % | P < 0.001e |
 Wolinsky 1997 [17] | Mean increase in no. lower body limitations | Median 2.3 years | nilf | 1.75 | 0.75 | P ≤ 0.0001 |
Mean increase in no. upper body limitations | 0.50 | 0.27 | P < 0.001 | |||
Activity - Composite measure of Basic ADLs | ||||||
 Boonen 2004 [19] | Mean RDRS-2 score for assistance with ADL (95 % CI) | 1 year | age, residence | 8.6 (7.5–9.9) | 2.8 (2.1–3.4) | <0.001 |
 Norton 2000 [22] | Retain functional independence | 2 years | age, gender, independence | 72 % | 94 % | P < 0.001e |
 Tosteson 2001 [23] | Limited daily activities | 1–5 years | nil | 59 % | 13 % | <0.05c |
 Wolinsky 1997 [17] | Mean increase in no. ADL limitations | Median 2.3 years | nilf | 2.08 | 0.79 | P ≤ 0.0001 |
Activity - Self-care | ||||||
 Magaziner 2003 [21] | Requiring assistance with grooming (SE)i | 1 year | age, gender, walking ability | 17 % (2) | 9 % (1) | P < 0.001 |
2 years | 18 % (2) | 10 % (1) | P < 0.001 | |||
 Marottoli 1992 [16] | Dressing independently | 6 mo (HF) | age, gender, physical function | 49 % | - | NR |
1Â year (Con) | - | 91Â % | ||||
 Tosteson 2001 [23] | Difficulty putting on socks | 1–5 years | nil | 43 % | 13 % | P < 0.05 |
Participation – domestic life | ||||||
 Wolinsky 1997 [17] | Mean increase in no. household ADL limitationsg | Median 2.3 years | nilf | 0.89 | 0.45 | P ≤ 0.0001 |
Participation – IADLs | ||||||
 Wolinsky 1997 [17] | Mean increase in no. advanced ADL limitationsh | Median 2.3 years | nilf | 0.44 | 0.26 | P < 0.01 |
Health condition | ||||||
 Boonen 2004 [19] | Mean RDRS-2 score (95 % CI): | 1 year | age, residence |  |  |  |
Dependenceb | 3.1 (2.6–2.7) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | <0.001 | |||
Cognitive impairment | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | <0.001 | |||
Accommodation | ||||||
 Autier 2000 [18] | Institutionalisation | 1 year | age, residence | 20 % | 4 % |  |
 Cumming 1996 [20] | Institutionalisation | 1 year | nil | 27 % | 5 % | <0.05d |
Quality of life | ||||||
 Boonen 2004 [19] | Mean (95 % CI) RDRS-2 score for QOL (inverted, higher indicates poorer QOL) | 1 year | age, residence | 38.9 (34.3–43.5) | 31.5 (27.5–37.5) | <0.001 |
 Tosteson 2001 [23] | Mean QALY (95 % CI) | 1–5 years | nil | 0.63 (0.52, 0.74) | 0.91 (0.88, 0.94) | <0.051a |