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Table 2 Mortality hazard ratios and 95 % CIs for frailty, socioeconomic vulnerability, and interactions, CLHLS 2008/2009-2011/2012

From: Socioeconomic status as a moderator between frailty and mortality at old ages

 

Model I

Model II

Model III

Model IV

Model V

Model VI

Model VII

Model VIII

Main terms

 Frailty index (×100)

1.027*** (1.025–1.029)

1.038*** (1.032–1.044)

1.041*** (1.036–1.046)

1.032*** (1.025–1.039)

1.108*** (1.092–1.125)

1.105*** (1.088–1.122)

1.101*** (1.084–1.119)

1.099*** (1.081–1.117)

 SEVI (×100)

1.006*** (1.004–1.008)

1.011*** (1.001–1.014)

1.012*** (1.009–1.015)

1.044*** (1.028–1.060)

1.008*** (1.005–1.011)

1.007*** (1.004–1.010)

1.033*** (1.017–1.049)

1.029*** (1.013–1.045)

Interaction terms

 SEVI*frailty index (×100)

 

0.983*** (0.967–0.992)

0.977*** (0.970–0.985)

0.993 (0.984–1.003)

0.991* (0.983–0.999)

0.994 (0.985–1.002)

0.996 (0.989–1.005)

0.998 (0.989–1.007)

 SEVI*age

   

0.963*** (0.946–0.980)

  

0.973** (0.956–0.990)

0.975** (0.958–0.993)

 Frailty index*age

    

0.928*** (0.913–0.943)

0.928*** (0.913–0.944)

0.930*** (0.915–0.946)

0.931*** (0.915–0.946)

Controls

 Age

1.055*** (1.052–1.058)

1.055*** (1.051–1.058)

1.054*** (1.050–1.058)

1.081*** (1.068–1.094)

1.074*** (1.069–1.080)

1.070*** (1.065–1.076)

1.094*** (1.080–1.107)

1.088*** (1.074–1.101)

 Men (women)

1.510*** (1.421–1.605)

1.511*** (1.423–1.601)

1.563*** (1.0464–1.667)

1.501*** (1.413–1.594)

1.485*** (1.399–1.576)

1.535*** (1.439–1.638)

1.478*** (1.392–1.569)

1.526*** (1.430–1.628)

 Han ethnicity (non-Han)

0.866** (0.784–0.956)

0.868** (0.785–0.957)

0.889* (0.805–0.982)

0.861** (0.780–0.951)

0.873** (0.791–0.964)

0.895* (0.810–0.988)

0.869** (0.787–0.960)

0.891* (0.806–0.984)

 Coresidence with family (no)

  

1.096* (1.013–1.184)

  

1.090* (1.009–1.178)

 

1.090* (1.009–1.178)

 Currently married (no)

  

0.769*** (0.705–0.838)

  

0.779*** (0.715–0.849)

 

0.786*** (0.721–0.856)

 Currently smoking (no)

  

1.056 (0.973–1.146)

  

1.072 (0.987–1.162)

 

1.074 (0.990–1.18)

 Doing regular exercise (no)

  

0.878*** (0.817–0.944)

  

0.863*** (0.802–0.928)

 

0.864*** (0.804–0.929)

 Wald Chi square

4013.0***

4006.1***

3844.8***

3891.2***

3630.1***

3608.4***

3558.2***

3547.3***

  1. Score of frailty index ranges from 0 (no deficits, the healthiest) to 1 (all deficits, the worst), while the score of the socioeconomic vulnerability index ranges from 0 (the least vulnerable) to 1 (the most vulnerable)
  2. The reference category for each control is in parentheses
  3. The total valid sample size in the analyses is 13,731
  4. A model that includes the interaction between SEVI and age, main terms, and controls is similar to Model IV. A model that includes the interaction between frailty index and age, main terms and controls is similar to Model V. Therefore, these two models are not presented to save the space
  5. *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001