Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the study sample
From: Parenting style, resilience, and mental health of community-dwelling elderly adults in China
Total (N = 439) | Men (n = 214) | Women (n = 225) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years (M ± SD) | 69.08 ± 7.25 | 69.94 ± 7.35 | 68.26 ± 7.07 |
Education | |||
No formal schooling | 40 (9.1) | 5 (2.3) | 35 (15.6) |
Primary school | 112 (25.5) | 50 (23.4) | 62 (27.6) |
Middle school | 120 (27.3) | 56 (26.2) | 64 (28.4) |
High school | 122 (27.8) | 69 (32.2) | 53 (23.6) |
University | 45 (10.3) | 34 (15.9) | 11 (4.9) |
Current work status | |||
Retired | 303 (69.0) | 177 (82.7) | 126 (56.0) |
Casual labourer | 15 (3.4) | 13 (6.1) | 2 (0.9) |
Self-employed | 13 (3.0) | 11 (5.1) | 2 (0.9) |
Housewife | 94 (21.4) | 4 (1.9) | 90 (40.0) |
Full-time employee | 14 (3.2) | 9 (4.2) | 5 (2.2) |
Marital status | |||
Single or unmarried | 3 (0.7) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.9) |
Married | 363 (82.7) | 190 (88.8) | 173 (76.9) |
Divorced or separated | 4 (0.9) | 3 (1.4) | 1 (0.4) |
Widowed | 69 (15.7) | 20 (9.3) | 49 (21.8) |
Living arrangement | |||
Alone | 26 (5.9) | 9 (4.2) | 17 (7.6) |
With spouse | 322 (73.3) | 171 (79.9) | 151 (67.1) |
With son | 60 (13.7) | 23 (10.7) | 37 (16.4) |
With daughter | 22 (5.0) | 9 (4.2) | 13 (5.8) |
With grandchildren | 3 (0.7) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.9) |
With other relatives | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.4) |
With friends | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.9) |
In institution | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.9) |