Kinesiophobia and its relation to pain characteristics and cognitive affective variables in older adults with chronic pain

Table 3 Associations of pain-related and cognitive affective variables on kinesiophobia among older adults with chronic pain². Univariate and multiple linear regression analysis (enter model); for TSK-11¹

Variables	Univariate linear regression		Multiple linear regression
Variables	B	P-value	B	Beta	P-value
Age	0.235	<0. 001	0.111	0.097	0.101
Gender (0 = man, 1 = women)	-0.720	0.466
Living condition (0 = own accommodation 1 = care home)	10.354	0.005	0.058	0.001	0.988
Pain intensity³	2.213	<0.001	1.215	0.439	0.006
Pain localisation
Other locations ^a reference
Upper extremities	1.267	0. 478
Lower extremities	2.344	0.133
Shoulder/neck	0.948	0.068
Back/pelvis	0.542	0.707
Depressed mood (0 = no, 1 = yes)	2.991	0.002	0.485	0.029	0.521
General self-efficacy⁴	-0.225	0.002	-0.015	0.012	0.839
Self –perceived health
Excellent health reference
Very good health	-0.189	0.945	-2.130	-0.097	0.473
Good health	3.344	0.199	0.800	0.048	0.781
Fair health	7.213	0.006	3.496	0.212	0.230
Poor health	14.492	<0.001	8.838	0.264	0.010

CI confidence interval
¹Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11), sores ranging from 11–44 points with high scores indicating high Kinesiophobia
²Pain of duration ≥3 months
³Pain intensity = “average level of pain in the last week” measured using a 6-point Likert scale with answers ranging from “No pain at all” to “Tremendous amount of pain”
⁴General self-efficacy scale (GSE), scores ranging from 10-40 points with high scores indicating high self-efficacy
^aOther includes: others locations, feet and hands

ISSN: 1471-2318