Table 1 Baseline characteristics and complications among participants and differences among deceased and survivors. Univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses

Baseline characteristics:

Model A.

Age, mean ± SD

82.2 ± 6.2

82.9 ± 5.8

81.7 ± 6.5

0.233

0.435

1.016

0.977–1.056

Female

148 (74 %)

53

95

0.029

0.052

0.604

0.363–1.005

Living in residential care facilities

73 (37 %)

37

36

0.028

Living alone

146 (74 %)

59

87

0.696

Current smoker (n = 169)

6 (4 %)

2

4

0.955

Dependence in walking (n = 195)

25 (13 %)

15

10

0.004

Dependence in P-ADL

115 (58 %)

59

56

<0.001

0.005

2.379

1.300–4.354

Cancer (n = 194)

29 (15 %)

21

8

<0.001

<0.001

3.449

2.020–5.890

Cardiovascular disease (n = 194)

110 (57 %)

55

55

<0.001

0.004

2.177

1.287–3.682

Dementia

64 (32 %)

37

27

0.001

0.016

1.921

1.131–3.262

Depression (n = 197)

78 (40 %)

39

39

0.040

Diabetes (n = 197)

40 (20 %)

22

18

0.059

Kidney disease (n = 194)

21 (11 %)

10

11

0.321

Pulmonary disease (n = 194)

33 (17 %)

17

16

0.049

Stroke (n = 195)

49 (25 %)

23

26

0.184

ASA grade 3–4 (n = 197)

109 (55 %)

51

58

0.007

Internal fixation

69 (35 %)

33

36

0.420

Hemiarthroplasty

111 (56 %)

37

74

0.228

Dynamic hip screw

17 (9 %)

7

10

0.998

Other

1 (0.5 %)

1

0

0.345

No of. comorbidities:

0

31 (16 %)

3

28

<0.001

1

37 (19 %)

7

30

0.260

2

52 (26 %)

25

27

0.005

≥3

79 (40 %)

44 (56 %)

35 (29 %)

0.001

Complications during hospitalization:

Model B.

Pneumonia/chest infection

8

6

2

0.001

0.021

2.916

1.175–7.237

Urinary tract infection

82

38

44

0.241

Other infection

34

15

19

0.528

Wound infection

0

0

0

Deep wound infection

1

1

0

0.054

Cardiac failure

17

12

5

0.001

0.010

2.457

1.242–4.858

Myocardial infarction

6

6

0

0.052

Deep vein thrombosis

1

1

0

0.050

Pulmonary embolism

1

1

0

0.002

0.001

33.219

3.961–278.570

Stroke

3

2

1

0.072

Cancer

3

2

1

0.120

Gastric ulcer

7

3

4

0.538

Delirium

129

63

70

0.005

0.018

2.006

1.127–3.570

Fallers

38

19

19

0.267

Number of falls

78

41

37

0.262

Fracture

4

2

2

0.609

Luxation

6

3

3

0.416

Reoperation

8

3

5

0.926

Decubital ulcers

30

16

14

0.044

Combining baseline and complication factors:

Model C.

Age

0.705

1.008

0.968–1.049

Female

0.118

0.655

0.386–1.113

Dependence in P-ADL

0.007

2.362

1.271–4.387

Cancer

<0.001

3.393

1.959–5.877

Cardiovascular disease

0.013

2.026

1.160–3.539

Dementia

0.023

1.883

1.091–3.250

Pneumonia/chest infection

Cardiac failure

0.018

2.221

1.148–4.294

Pulmonary embolism

<0.001

69.396

7.107–677.632

Delirium