Skip to main content

Table 2 Clinical characteristics associated with psychotropic drug use, crude and adjusted values for Analysis 1 and 2

From: Multi-psychotropic drug prescription and the association to neuropsychiatric symptoms in three Norwegian nursing home cohorts between 2004 and 2011

 

Psychotropic drugs

Crude

Adjusted

 

0

1

2

≥3

OR

95 % CI

OR

95 % CI

Patients, %

27.3

32.2

23.4

17.1

    

Factors included in Analyses 1 and 2

        

Age, mean (SD)

86.7 (6.9)

86.1 (7.0)

85.3 (6.8)

83.9 (6.8)

0.97**

0.96–97

0.97**

0.96–0.98

Femalesa, %

68.8

72.4

72.5

72.8

1.13*

1.01–1.27

1.20*

1.06–1.36

Dependency, mean (SD) d

18.9 (5.5)

18.1 (5.5)

17.8 (5.2)

17.2 (5.2)

0.97**

0.96–0.98

0.96**

0.95–0.97

Regular drugs without psychotropics, mean (SD)

4.9 (2.8)

5.3 (3.0)

5.5 (2.9)

5.2 (2.9)

1.04**

1.02–1.06

1.05**

1.03–1.07

Analysis 1

        

Cognitive impairmentb

        

 Noa, %

9.9

11.1

11.0

10.3

1

 

1

 

 Questionable, %

9.2

7.7

8.2

8.0

0.88

0.70–1.12

1.19

0.91–1.55

 Mild, %

13.3

15.6

14.1

15.7

1.03

0.84–1.27

1.23

0.98–1.54

 Moderate, %

26.0

28.6

31.1

28.5

1.05

0.87–1.26

1.19

0.97–1.46

 Severe, %

41.6

37.1

35.7

37.6

0.89

0.74–1.06

1.15

0.92–1.42

NPI-NH sub-syndromes

        

 Affective symptoms, mean (SD)

1.8 (3.5)

2.6 (4.2)

3.9 (5.2)

5.9 (6.2)

1.**

1.10–1.13

1.10**

1.09–1.12

 Agitation, mean (SD)

3.2 (5.2)

3.5 (5.5)

4.4 (6.1)

5.7 (6.5)

1.05**

1.04–1.06

1.02**

1.01–1.03

 Psychosis, mean (SD)

1.8 (4.1)

2.3 (4.6)

2.8 (5.0)

4.4 (6.3)

1.06**

1.05–1.07

1.02**

1.01–1.04

 Apathy, mean (SD)

1.9 (3.5)

1.8 (3.2)

2.0 (3.4)

2.3 (3.6)

1.02*

1.00–1.03

0.99

0.98–1.01

Analysis 2, 2004 and 2011 cohort

        

NPI-NH total score

13.5 (16.3)

15.4 (16.8)

19.2 (19.3)

25.5 (21.8)

1.02**

1.02–1.02

1.02**

1.02–1.03

Diagnosesc

        

 Dementia, %

27.4

26.9

26.5

33.3

1.13*

1.01–1.27

1.19*

1.03–1.37

 Hypertension, %

14.4

13.5

14.2

12.4

0.93

0.81–1.08

1.01

0.86–1.19

 Stroke, %

12.2

9.3

9.2

7.3

0.72**

0.61–0.86

0.89

0.74–1.07

 Heart failure, %

9.3

7.8

7.3

7.0

0.82*

0.68–0.99

0.90

0.73–1.11

 Atrial fibrillation/flutter, %

8.5

8.3

6.8

5.7

0.78*

0.64–0.94

0.92

0.75–1.13

 Angina, %

3.9

4.7

6.1

6.1

1.42*

1.13–1.79

1.60**

1.26–2.04

 Osteoporosis, %

5.7

6.0

4.7

4.8

0.85

0.68–1.08

0.91

0.72–1.16

 Hip fracture, %

6.1

5.0

4.8

5.3

0.88

0.70–1.10

1.04

0.82–1.33

 Diabetes, %

5.8

5.2

5.4

2.8

0.75*

0.59–0.95

0.75*

0.59–0.97

  1. P-values, odds ratios and confidence intervals from cumulative odds logistic regression. Analysis 1 and 2 included age, sex, dependency and total medication. The factor unique to each analysis is listed below their headlines in the table
  2. NPI-NH neuropsychiatric inventory – nursing home version, SD standard deviation, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  3. aused as reference, bassessed by Clinical Dementia Rating scale, cfrom ICD-codes in patient records, * p-value < 0.05, ** p-value < 0.001, dhigher scores indicates more dependency in daily living
Back to article page

BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

Contact us