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Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

From: People with dementia in nursing home research: a methodological review of the definition and identification of the study population

Publication

Author

Study aim

Study design

Sample size

NH

P

 

Experimental studies

[54]

Bär et al. 2006

Efficacy of an individual approach in the care of people with dementia to stimulate positive emotions

CT

N/A

46

[82]

Berg et al. 2010

Efficacy of snoezelen, structured reminiscence therapy and 10-minute activation on apathy in dementia

C-RCT

N/A

360

[107]

Dichter et al. 2015

Testing the effectiveness of Dementia Care Mapping on PwD and caregivers, exploring implementation facilitators and barriers

CT

9

154

[76]

Graessel et al. 2011

Efficacy of a non-pharmacological intervention on the cognition of residents with dementia

RCT (Follow-up)

5

98

[108]

Halek et al. 2013

Efficacy of dementia care mapping on the quality of life of residents with dementia

CT

9

N/A

[70]

Kuske et al. 2009

Effectiveness of a nursing home training staff for the interaction between residents with dementia and their caregivers

C-RCT

6

298

[77]

Luttenberger et al. 2012

Efficacy of a non-pharmacological intervention on dementia symptoms and need of care in NH residents with dementia

RCT

5

139

[78]

Luttenberger et al. 2012

Sustainability of a non-pharmacological intervention after 10 months

RCT (Follow-up)

5

61

[48]

Majic et al. 2013

Efficacy of animal-assisted therapy on agitation/aggression and depression in nursing home residents with dementia

RCT

18

65

[80]

Pickel et al. 2011

Efficacy of occupational group therapy in dementia

CT

N/A

56

[51]

Rapp et al. 2013

Efficacy of a complex guideline-based intervention on agitation and the use of psychotropic drugs

C-RCT

18

304

[47]

Reuther et al. 2014

Effect evaluation of dementia-specific case conferences (study protocol)

C-RCT

12

360

[109]

Schäufele et al. 2013

Efficacy of an interdisciplinary guideline to enhance the mobility of residents with dementia in nursing homes

CT

31

707

[110]

Schäufele et al. 2015

[81]

Treusch et al. 2015

Effect evaluation of an occupational and sports therapy intervention for PwD in NH

C-RCT

18

117

 

Observational studies

[85]a

Afram et al. 2014

Exploration of reasons and variations for institutionalization of people with dementia in 8 European countries according to caregivers

Cross-sectional

3

786

[86]a

Alvira et al. 2015

Description of the association between reactions of informal caregivers of people with dementia and health outcomes from 8 European countries

Cross-sectional

N/A

119

[61]

Becker et al. 2005

Development and validation of an instrument to assess quality of life in dementia

Cross-sectional

11

121

[87]a

Beerens et al. 2014

Exploration of the variance of quality of life and quality of care for people with dementia from 8 European countries

Cross-sectional

N/A

119

[88]

Beerens et al. 2015

Assessment of factors that contribute to the change of quality of life of people with dementia recently admitted to an NH from 8 European countries

Longitudinal

N/A

791

[22]

Brune-Cohrs et al. 2007

Quality of dementia diagnosis in nursing homes

Cross-sectional

2

200

[89]a

De Mauleon et al. 2014

Determination of factors associated with the antipsychotic prescription for PwD in 8 European countries

Cross-sectional

N/A

119

[83]

Dettbarn-Reggentin 2005

Evaluation of milieu-therapeutic living units on residents with dementia

Longitudinal

3

60

[53]

Dichter et al. 2013

Validation of the QUALIDEM in nursing homes

Cross-sectional

43

634

[111]

Dichter et al. 2014

Testing of the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the QUALIDEM instrument to measure quality of life in PwD

Cross-sectional

9

161

[44]a

Foebel et al. 2014

Description of patterns of antipsychotic drug use in PwD in nursing homes in 7 European countries and Israel

Cross-sectional

9

496

[72]

Geiger-Kabsich and Weyerer 1993

Validity of the Alters-Konzentrations-Test

Cross-sectional

2

71

[91]

Gietzelt et al. 2014

Study protocol for an RCT testing the effectiveness of behavioral treatment for mild Alzheimer’s patients

Longitudinal

1

40

[41]

Graessel et al. 2009

Validation of the Erlangen Test of Activities of Daily Living (E-ADL)

Cross-sectional

2

46

[45]

Gräske et al. 2014

Examination of variability and associated factors of quality of life ratings

Cross-sectional

5

133

[66]

Jakob et al. 2002

Prevalence and incidence of dementia in nursing homes compared to private households

Longitudinal

N/A

192

[69]

Köhler et al. 2007

Validation of the Dementia Screening Scale (DSS)

Cross-sectional

20

589

[37]

Kölzsch et al. 2012

Description of pain treatment in nursing home residents with CI

Cross-sectional

40

560

[68]

König et al. 2014

Comparison of the costs of care for community-dwelling PwD and PwD living in nursing homes

Cross-sectional

N/A

48

[62]

Lueken et al. 2007

Development of a short version of the Apathy Evaluation Scale specifically adapted for nursing home residents with dementia

Cross-sectional

N/A

356

[79]

Luttenberger et al. 2012

Revalidation of the E-ADL scale

Cross-sectional

5

139

[49]

Majic et al. 2010

Pharmacotherapy in residents with dementia

Cross-sectional

18

304

[50]

Majic et al. 2012

Correlation of agitation and depression in nursing home residents with dementia

Cross-sectional

18

304

[46]

Makai et al. 2014

Validation of the ICECAP-O measure for wellbeing in older PwD in NH and exploration of response-associated factors

Cross-sectional

1

95

[58]

Marquard and Schmieg 2009

Relationship between architectural characteristics of the nursing home and the residents ability to perform way finding tasks

Cross-sectional

N/A

450

[59]

[75]

Meyer-König et al. 1984

Examination of nursing home residents with a chronic brain syndrome

Cross-sectional

N/A

163

[38]

Osterbrink et al. 2012

Prevalence of pain in nursing home residents with various cognitive functions

Cross-sectional

13

436

[57]

Palm et al. 2013

Evaluation of the provision of dementia care and identification of resident- and facility-related factors associated with quality of life and behavior

Longitudinal

N/A

N/A

[52]

Palm et al. 2015

Comparison of case conferences between dementia-specialized versus traditional care units

Cross-sectional

51

888

[67]

Riedel et al. 2013

Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease, associated dementia and depression in Dresden

Cross-sectional

36

195

[24]

Schäufele et al. 2013

Prevalence of dementia and provision of dementia care in nursing homes

Cross-sectional

58

4481

[65]

Schuler et al. 2007

Validation study of the “Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale” (PAINAD-G) in nursing home residents

Cross-sectional

8

99

[39]

Schumacher et al. 1997

Prevalence of depression and CI in nursing home residents

Cross-sectional

3

380

[23]

Seidl et al. 2007

Prevalence of non-cognitive symptoms and psychopharmacological treatment in nursing home residents with dementia

Cross-sectional

N/A

145

[64]

Seidl et al. 2009

Comparison of neurological soft signs of residents with AD with residents without cognitive impairments

Cross-sectional

N/A

120

[63]

Seidl et al. 2011

Description of autobiographical memory deficits in residents with dementia

Cross-sectional

N/A

239

[84]

Theison et al. 2009

Association of agitation in the morning and depression

Cross-sectional

3

110

[73]

Weyerer et al. 1990

Validation of the Brief-Assessment-Interview

Cross-sectional

1

32

[71]

Weyerer et al. 1995

Prevalence of dementia and depression in nursing home residents from Mannheim and Camden

Cross-sectional

12

542

[56]

Weyerer et al. 2004

Comparison of residents from day-care centers and nursing homes

Cross-sectional

47

1644

[42]

Weyerer et al. 2005

Evaluation of special and traditional dementia care in nursing homes

Cross-sectional

31

1644

[43]

Weyerer et al. 2010

Evaluation of special and traditional dementia care in nursing homes

Cross-sectional

31

1644

[90]

Wubker et al. 2015

Comparison of costs for PwD receiving home care versus nursing home care in 8 European countries

Cross-sectional

N/A

76

[40]

Wulff et al. 2012

Description of perceived autonomy of nursing home residents with and without CI

Cross-sectional

40

560

[93]

Zenthofer et al. 2014

Comparison of oral hygiene and health status of nursing home residents with and without dementia.

Cross-sectional

N/A

93

 

Qualitative studies

[55]

Bär et al. 2003

Identification of characteristic situations accompanied by positive emotions

Qualitative

N/A

29

[60]

Becker et al. 2006

Identification and cross-validation of patterns of competence in nursing home residents.

Qualitative

N/A

362

[92]

Nordheim et al. 2015

Evaluation of the use of tablet PCs in PwD in NH

Qualitative

1

14

  1. AD Alzheimer’s disease, C-RCT Cluster-randomized controlled trial, CT controlled trial, N/A not available, NHs nursing homes, P Participants, PwD People with dementia, RCT Randomized controlled trial
  2. aThe number of participants reported from this international study refers to the German sample only