Table 3 Overview of included instruments
Name of instrument | Year of first reference in review | Respondent | Conceptual origins | Service/setting context | Method for item generation | Validation methods |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Specific measures: instruments originally designed for use with older adults, or in relation to older adult services | ||||||
Individualised Care Instrument (ICI) | 2007 [29] | Care worker | Individualised nursing care in long-term institutions for people with dementia. | Residential and nursing home settings; long-stay hospital wards; sheltered housing; home services and other long-stay care facilities. | Observation of care interactions, and literature. | Expert panel |
Person-Centred Care Assessment Tool (P-CAT) | 2010 [32] | Practitioners | Personhood in dementia and subjective experiences of illness. | Long-term aged care and residential care settings | Literature | Expert panel and focus group of service users |
Patient-Centered Family-Focused Care (PCFC) | 2007 [46] | Service user/family carer | Palliative care literature integrating ‘whole person’ perspectives with family-centredness | Frail elders using veteran ambulatory care centres | Theory, literature and existing instrumentation | Not specified |
Person-Centred Health Care for Older Adults (PCHC) | 2013 [48] | Multiple staff groups | Policy-driven conceptualisation of person-centredness in hospital settings | Hospital wards, rehabilitation and continence clinics | Research team and literature | Expert panel and focus group of service users |
Person-Directed Care Measure (PDC) | 2008 [47] | Multiple staff groups | Policy-driven origins: measure designed to evaluate local person-centred care initiative with aim of improving care relationships and job satisfaction | Residential care, assisted living and home care settings. | Research team, practitioners and literature. | With practitioners |
‘Untitled’ | 2013 [45] | Nurses | Personhood in dementia | Long-term geriatric wards | Interviews with practitioners, expert opinion and literature | None presented |
Generic measures: instruments initially designed for wider services | ||||||
Person-centred Climate Questionnaire (PCQ) | 2012 [37] | Service user and staff versions | Person-centredness in care environment | Nursing homes, dementia care wards and other long-term care facilities | Theory and literature | Expert panel |
Client-Centred Care Questionnaire (CCCQ) | 2006 [39] | Service user | Client-centredness in home-based nursing care for people with long-term conditions | Home care services; long-term hospital wards | Qualitative interviews with service users | Expert panel |
Individualised Care Scale – Nurse (ICS-N) | 2012 [43] | Nurses | Individualised care as an application of interactional models of nursing. | Long-term care wards | Literature | Expert panel |
Measures of Processes of Care – Adult (MPOC-A) | 2010 [44] | Service user/family carer | Client and family-centred care in paediatric medicine | Community orthopaedic services | Existing instruments | Research team |
Client-Centred Rehabilitation Questionnaire (CCRQ] | 2006 [49] | Service user | Client-centred occupational therapy in rehabilitation services, drawing on principles that promote autonomy, client strengths, choice and partnership. | Ward-based rehabilitation program | Focus groups with service users | Cognitive interviews with service users |