Table 1 Comparisons of demographic characteristics at baseline in participants with and without chronic paind
Variable | Chronic pain (n = 433) | No chronic pain (n = 692) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) range | 74.8 (7.5) 65-98 | 74.6 (7.0) 65-103 | 0.665a |
Sex, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.016b |
 Women | 275 (63.5) | 324 (46.8) |  |
Living conditions, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.901b |
 Own accommodation | 413 (97.4) | 670 (97.5) |  |
 Special housing | 11 (2.6) | 17 (2.5) |  |
Living arrangements, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.037b |
 Alone | 163 (38.3) | 217 (32.1) |  |
 With others | 263 (61.7) | 460 (67.9) |  |
Marital status, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.038c |
 Married | 235 (54.4) | 414 (60.2) |  |
 Single | 38 (8.8) | 58 (8.49) |  |
 Widowed | 95 (21.9) | 137 (19.9) |  |
 Divorced | 64 (14.8) | 79 (11.5) |  |
Physical activitye, n (%) | Â | Â | <0.001c |
 Hardly any physical activity | 35 (8.4) | 30 (4.5) |  |
 Mostly sedentary | 40 (9.6) | 51 (7.7) |  |
 Lighter physical exercise, around 2–4 h/week | 211 (50.8) | 295 (44.6) |  |
 More strenuous exercise, 1–2 times/week | 101 (24.3) | 234 (35.4) |  |
 More strenuous exercise, at least 3 h/week | 23 (5.5) | 31 (4.7) |  |
 Hard regular training, several times/week | 5 (1.2) | 20 (3.0) |  |
Physical activity (dichotomized)f | Â | Â | <0.001b |
 Active | 129 (31.1) | 376 (56.9) |  |
 Inactive | 286 (68.9) | 285 (43.1) |  |
Self-reported health, n (%) | Â | Â | <0.001c |
 Excellent | 10 (2.3) | 89 (13.0) |  |
 Very good | 61 (14.1) | 194 (28.3) |  |
 Good | 146 (33.8) | 276 (40.2) |  |
 Fair | 185 (42.8) | 112 (16.3) |  |
 Bad | 30 (6.9) | 15 (2.2) |  |
Self-efficacyg, mean (SD) range | 30.1 (6.4) 10-40 | 31.5 (6.3) 10-40 | <0.001c |