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Table 5 Voluntary Step Execution Test times and the preparation phase times during single task and dual task conditions (mean ± SD). Values are means ± SD (95 % confidence interval for means). A full Bonferroni correction (α-level 0.05/2 = 0.025) was used for each of the two different task conditions (single and dual task condition) to achieve an overall significance level of 0.05

From: Unexpected perturbations training improves balance control and voluntary stepping times in older adults - a double blind randomized control trial

 

Group

Baseline

post-test

ANOVA (Baseline to post-test) T

ANOVA (Baseline to post-test) T x G

Single task condition

 Reaction Time (ms)

Intervention

215 ± 40

194 ± 36

F = 0.002

F = 2.187

 

control

219 ± 70

206 ± 57

p = 0.968

p = 0.057

 Foot Contact Time (ms)

Intervention

1065 ± 16

993 ± 138

F = 0.474

F = 11.325

 

control

1027 ± 147

1010 ± 143

p = 0.495

p = 0.002

Dual Task condition

 Reaction Time (ms)

Intervention

412 ± 174

346 ± 99

F = 1.881

F = 7.322

 

control

354 ± 98

339 ± 100

p = 0.179

p = 0.010

 Foot Contact Time (ms)

Intervention

1355 ± 243

1224 ± 172

F = 0.439

F = 9.857

 

control

1250 ± 165

1240 ± 171

p = 0.512

p = 0.003

  1. Note: Comparison of baseline and post-intervention between the two groups based on repeated measures ANOVA (Test × Group). Abbreviations: G group, T time, ms milliseconds