Table 3 Linear mixed models – adjusted overall effects^a

Outcomes

Health outcomes

 Experienced health (0–100)

34.31 (1.01)

34.99 (1.04)

−0.68 (−3.18 to 1.82)

0.59

 Mental health (0–100)

68.86 (0.94)

69.44 (0.91)

−0.42 (−2.69 to 1.85)

0.72

 Social functioning (0–100)

65.06 (2.29)

66.42 (2.36)

−1.36 (−7.04 to 4.33)

0.64

Functional abilities

 Functional abilities (0–15)

4.41 (0.14)

4.19 (0.14)

0.22 (−0.13 to 0.56)

0.21

Quality of life

 General quality of life (0–100)

42.66 (1.15)

39.92 (1.19)

2.74 (−0.15 to 5.63)

0.06

 Health-related quality of life (0–1)

0.66 (0.01)

0.65 (0.02)

0.01 (−0.03 to 0.04)

0.73

 Well-being – love & friendship (1–4)

3.00 (0.04)

2.75 (0.05)

0.25 (0.14 to 0.36)

0.00

 Well-being – security (1–4)

3.32 (0.05)

3.28 (0.06)

0.05 (−0.08 to 0.18)

0.45

 Well-being – role (1–4)

2.57 (0.05)

2.54 (0.05)

0.03 (−0.10 to 0.15)

0.66

 Well-being – enjoyment (1–4)

2.73 (0.05)

2.66 (0.06)

0.07 (−0.06 to 0.19)

0.30

 Well-being – control (1–4)

2.55 (0.05)

2.61 (0.05)

−0.07 (−0.19 to 0.06)

0.27