| Experimental group (n = 184) Mean (SD) or % | Control group (n = 193) Mean (SD) or % | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Background variables | Â | Â | Â |
 GFI (0–15) | 6.0 (2.0) | 5.8 (1.8) | 0.19 |
 Age | 81.8 (4.7) | 82.3 (5.3) | 0.38 |
 Sex – women | 69.6% | 59.6% | 0.04 |
 Educational level   Low   High | 63.0% 37.0% | 46.6% 53.4% | 0.00 |
 Marital status   Married and living together   Single and widowed | 37.0% 63.0% | 41.7% 58.3% | 0.35 |
 Living situation   Independently   Assisted living facility | 71.7% 28.3% | 82.4% 17.6% | 0.01 |
 Multimorbidity | 3.8 (1.9) | 3.9 (1.9) | 0.66 |
Outcomes | Â | Â | Â |
 Health outcomes |  |  |  |
  Experienced health (0–100) | 33.8 (17.1) | 35.1 (20.5) | 0.51 |
  Mental health (0–100) | 71.3 (17.6) | 72.0 (16.5) | 0.69 |
  Social functioning (0–100) | 69.1 (33.7) | 65.7 (39.0) | 0.36 |
 Functional abilities |  |  |  |
  Functional abilities (0–15) | 3.9 (3.1) | 3.7 (3.2) | 0.48 |
 Quality of life |  |  |  |
  General quality of life (0–100) | 42.3 (18.0) | 47.0 (19.4) | 0.01 |
  Health-related quality of life (0–1) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.3) | 0.60 |
  Well-being – love & friendship (1–4) | 3.1 (0.8) | 3.0 (0.8) | 0.20 |
  Well-being – security (1–4) | 3.2 (0.9) | 3.3 (0.8) | 0.32 |
  Well-being – role (1–4) | 2.7 (0.8) | 2.8 (0.8) | 0.12 |
  Well-being – enjoyment (1–4) | 3.0 (0.8) | 2.8 (0.8) | 0.08 |
  Well-being – control (1–4) | 2.6 (0.9) | 2.8 (0.9) | 0.08 |