Table 3 Longitudinal associations of cognitive appraisals and coping strategies with physical functioning; auto-regressive models tested with generalized estimated equations

 Consequences

0–10

−0.62 (-1.03; -0.20)

0.003

−0.54 (-1.02; -0.06)

0.027

 Concerns

0–10

−0.30 (-0.59; -0.01)

0.045

−0.21 (-0.54; 0.11)

0.195

 Emotional representations

0–10

−0.05 (-0.33; 0.23)

0.717

0.10 (-0.25; 0.45)

0.570

 Self-efficacy^a

6–60

0.26 (0.17; 0.36)

<0.001

0.22 (0.12; 0.31)

<0.001

 Catastrophizing

0–6

−0.87 (-1.41; -0.33)

0.002

−0.67 (-1.26; -0.07)

0.028

Cognitive coping

 Ignoring pain^a

0–6

−0.02 (-0.53; 0.50)

0.953

−0.02 (-0.54; 0.49)

0.929

 Positive self-statement^a

0–6

0.10 (-0.32; 0.53)

0.632

−0.01 (-0.44; 0.42)

0.956

 Increasing activity levels^a

0–6

0.06 (-0.43; 0.54)

0.823

0.05 (-0.44; 0.54)

0.839

 Activity avoidance

5–20

−0.37 (-0.62; -0.12)

0.004

−0.32 (-0.57; -0.08)

0.008