Table 2 Scores of the repeated measures over 18 months of cognitive appraisals, coping strategies, physical functioning, and time-dependent covariates
Score range | Baseline (n = 407) | 6 months (n = 364) | 12 months (n = 337) | 18 months (n = 319) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome | |||||
Physical functioninga | 0–100 | 48.7 (25.8) | 50.1 (27.4) | 49.8 (27.5) | 49.5 (27.4) |
Cognitive appraisals | |||||
Consequences | 0–10 | 5.3 (2.7) | 5.1 (2.6) | 4.9 (2.7) | 4.8 (2.7) |
Concerns | 0–10 | 5.1 (3.7) | 5.5 (3.0) | 5.2 (3.1) | 5.2 (3.0) |
Emotional representations | 0–10 | 4.2 (3.0) | 4.3 (2.9) | 3.9 (3.0) | 4.0 (3.0) |
Self-efficacya | 6–60 | 33.8 (12.5) | 34.2 (13.5) | 35.3 (13.1) | 35.6 (12.8) |
Catastrophizing | 0–6 | 1.8 (1.5) | 1.9 (1.6) | 1.8 (1.6) | 1.8 (1.5) |
Cognitive coping | |||||
Ignoring paina | 0–6 | 3.0 (1.5) | 2.9 (1.4) | 3.1 (1.5) | 3.0 (1.4) |
Positive self-statementa | 0–6 | 3.5 (1.8) | 3.5 (1.8) | 3.4 (1.8) | 3.4 (1.7) |
Behavioural coping | |||||
Increasing activity levelsa | 0–6 | 3.4 (1.7) | 3.3 (1.6) | 3.4 (1.6) | 3.3 (1.6) |
Activity avoidance | 5–20 | 12.2 (3.5) | 12.1 (3.6) | 12.2 (3.6) | 12.0 (3.6) |
Time-dependent covariates | |||||
Pain intensity | 0–100 | 64.4 (17.3) | 65.0 (18.5) | 61.6 (19.8) | 62.7 (19.4) |
Anxiety symptoms | 0–21 | 5.1 (3.7) | 5.4 (3.7) | 4.9 (3.8) | 4.9 (3.6) |
Depression symptoms | 0–21 | 5.4 (3.5) | 5.3 (3.6) | 4.9 (3.5) | 5.3 (3.9) |