Fig. 2

Entropy change in cognitive training groups. The entropy differences (black bars) between the predictions (blue bars) and actual values (red bars) indicated the CogTr effect on the entropy measures. Panels (a) & (b): The mean decrease in time-domain entropy was found to be smaller in both multi-domain CogTr group (t = −0.77, p = 0.224) and single-domain CogTr group (t = 0.81, p = 0.787) when compared with the prediction for people with no training. Panels (c) & (d): The mean increase in functional entropy was significantly reduced in both multi-domain CogTr (t = 1.77, p = 0.047) and single-domain CogTr (t = 3.67, p = 9.51 × 10⁻⁴) groups. Subjects are ranked according to the entropy values