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Table 1 Description of M2 and M4 interventions

From: Group-based exercise and cognitive-physical training in older adults with self-reported cognitive complaints: The Multiple-Modality, Mind-Motor (M4) study protocol

M2: Multiple-Modality Exercise Group

(Comparison Group)

M4: Multiple-Modality, Mind-Motor Exercise Group (Intervention Group)

Warm-up (5 minutes)

 o Light aerobics

 o Dynamic range of motion of the major joints

Warm-up (5 minutes)

 o Light aerobics

 o Dynamic range of motion of the major joints

Aerobic Exercise (20 Minutes)

 o Large rhythmical endurance activities (e.g., walking, marching, sequenced aerobics)

 o Keep HR continuously in target zone (i.e., not interval training)

 o Moderate to vigorous intensity

 o RPE: 5–8 on scale of 0–10

 o Participants to check HR ½ way through and at end of aerobic exercise.

Aerobic Exercise (20 Minutes)

 o Large rhythmical endurance activities (e.g., walking, marching, sequenced aerobics)

 o Keep HR continuously in target zone (i.e., not interval training)

 o Moderate to vigorous intensity

 o RPE: 5–8 on scale of 0–10

 o Participants to check HR ½ way through and at end of aerobic exercise.

Aerobic Cool Down (5 minutes)

 o Safely bringing heart rates down

Aerobic Cool Down (5 minutes)

 o Safely bringing heart rates down

Resistance Training (10 minutes)

 o Therabands, wall or chair exercises, core strengthening

 o Day 1 – Upper body focus

 o Day 2– Lower body focus

 o Day 3 – Core focus

Resistance Training (10 minutes)

 o Therabands, wall or chair exercises, core strengthening

 o Day 1 – Upper body focus

 o Day 2 – Lower body focus

 o Day 3– Core focus

Balance, Range of Motion & Breathing

(15 minutes)

 o Keep HR BELOW target zone

 o Dynamic, static and functional balance

 o Breathing and relaxation exercises

 o Finger exercises

 o Range of motion (e.g., arm circles)

Mind-Motor Training (15 minutes)

 o Keep HR BELOW target zone

 o Progressive, group-based, Square Stepping Exercise (SSE)

Stretching (5 minutes)

Stretching (5 minutes)

TOTAL: 60 minutes

60 minutes Multiple-Modality Exercise

TOTAL: 60 minutes 45 minutes Multiple-Modality Exercise 15 minutes Mind-Motor Exercise

  1. Abbreviations: HR, heart rate; RPE, rating perceived exertion
  2. aNote: This table represents an individual session breakdown by group. Participants attended these structured 60-minute group-based exercise classes, 3 times per week for 24 weeks