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Table 1 PICO-model of this systematic literature review’s research questions, inclusion and exclusion criteria

From: A review of the implementation and research strategies of advance care planning in nursing homes

Population

NH patients and their relatives.

Intervention

Advance Care Planning defined as a conversation between patients, and/or relatives and health personnel about thoughts, expectations and preferences for end-of-life-care.

Comparison

All studies using standard care group comparison, before/after comparison, as well as studies without standard means of comparisons were included.

Outcome

All outcomes both qualitative and quantitative were included.

Exclusion criteria

Studies only including home-dwelling and hospital patients

Studies only including specific diagnoses (e.g., heart failure, cancer)

Studies only using chart based interventions where patients/relatives are left on their own (e.g., advance directives without conversations).

Studies that only focused on treatment limits (e.g., DNR, DNH). Publications such as case studies, chronicles, guidelines, protocols, unsystematic reviews and legal documents were excluded.

Publications in in other languages than English and Scandinavian.

Publications without abstracts.