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Table 3 Effects of the Home-Based Cognitive Behavioral Program on Secondary Outcomesa

From: Effectiveness of a home-based cognitive behavioral program to manage concerns about falls in community-dwelling, frail older people: results of a randomized controlled trial

 

Control group

Intervention group

Modelb

P- value

Effect size

n = 171

n = 141

 

Mean

(SD)

Mean

(SD)

Adjusted mean difference (95 % CI)

P

d

FES-IAB

       

 Baseline

29.09

(9.3)

29.06

(9.7)

-

-

-

 5-month follow-up

28.74

(9.2)

26.17

(9.6)

−2.38 (−∞ − −1.12)

.001

.27

 12-month follow-up

29.36

(10.3)

26.37

(10.4)

−2.67 (−∞ – −1.37)

.001

.29

GARS

       

 Baseline

33.73

(9.3)

34.11

(9.4)

-

-

-

 5-month follow-up

33.32

(8.9)

32.42

(8.9)

−1.10 (−∞ – −0.07)

.040

.10

 12-month follow-up

34.04

(9.3)

32.41

(9.4)

−1.81 (−∞ – −0.77)

.002

.17

GARS ADL

       

 Baseline

18.70

(4.9)

18.47

(4.9)

-

-

-

 5-month follow-up

18.28

(4.5)

17.37

(4.7)

−0.62 (−∞ – −0.04)

.039

.20

 12-month follow-up

18.69

(4.8)

17.60

(4.9)

−0.83 (−∞ – −0.24)

.011

.22

GARS IADL

       

 Baseline

15.03

(4.9)

15.64

(5.1)

-

-

-

 5-month follow-up

15.05

(5.1)

15.04

(4.8)

−0.52 (−∞ – 0.08)

.075

-

 12-month follow-up

15.35

(5.1)

14.82

(5.0)

−1.01 (−∞ – −0.41)

.003

.10

  1. FES-IAB falls efficacy scale-international avoidance behavior (range total scale 16–64; higher scores indicate more activity avoidance due to concerns about falls)
  2. GARS groningen activity restriction scale (range total scale 18–72; higher scores indicate more disability) GARS ADL groningen activity restriction scale — activities of daily living (ADL) subscale (range total scale 11–44; higher scores indicate more disability), GARS IADL groningen activity restriction scale—instrumental ADL subscale (range total scale 7–28; higher scores indicate more disability)
  3. 95 % CI = 95 % confidence interval (one-sided); SD = standard deviation; ∞ = infinity
  4. aResults of mixed-effects linear regression analyses (intention-to-treat)
  5. bAdjusted for baseline score of the outcome and level of concerns about falls, age, gender, perceived general health, and falls in the past 6 months