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Table 3 Demographic and clinical characteristics

From: Heart failure in nursing home residents; a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics

Variables

Total

HF-

HF+

p-value

N = 501

N = 335

N = 166

Age (years) mean (SD)

82 (7)

81 (7)

84 (6)

<.001

Gender, male n (%)

179 (36)

118 (35)

61 (37)

0.738

psychogeriatric n (%)

326 (65)

227 (68)

99 (60)

0.073

Symptoms

 NYHA class n (%) n = 494

    

  1

301 (60)

235 (70)

66 (40)

<.001

  2

108 (22)

55 (16)

53 (33)

<.001

  3

57 (11)

26 (8)

31 (19)

0.001

  4

28 (6)

15 (5)

13 (8)

0.203

 Orthopnoea n (%) n = 486

62 (12)

29 (9)

33 (20)

0.001

 Palpitations n (%) n = 484

70 (14)

27 (8)

43 (26)

<.001

 PND n (%) n = 486

40 (8)

22 (7)

18 (11)

0.033

 Fatigue n (%) n = 492

183 (37)

113 (34)

70 (42)

0.178

 Weight gain n (%) n = 480

97 (19)

69 (21)

28 (17)

0.522

Physical examination

 Anemic n (%) n = 500

28 (6)

17 (5)

11 (7)

0.609

 Cyanotic n (%) n = 500

1 (0,2)

1 (0,3)

1 (0,6)

0.284

 Dyspnoea n (%) n = 497

82 (16)

43 (13)

39 (24)

0.004

 Pulse rate mean (SD) n = 500

73 (14)

72 (12)

74 (17)

0.069

 Systolic blood pressure mean (SD) n = 498

139 (26)

141 (26)

136 (25)

0.030

 Diastolic blood pressure mean (SD) n = 498

75 (14)

75 (13)

74 15)

0.219

 Increased VJ pressure n (%) n = 481

128 (26)

66 (20)

166 (37)

<.001

 HPR n (%) n = 468

26 (5)

16 (5)

10 (6)

0.570

 Pulsations RV n (%)

61 (12)

30 (9)

31 (19)

0.002

 Pulsations liver n (%)

18 (4)

11 (3)

7 (4)

0.597

 Hepatomegaly n (%) n = 484

35 (7)

20 (6)

15 (9)

0.298

 Oedema n (%) n = 500

275 (55)

166 (50)

109 (66)

<.001

 Ictus palpable n (%) n = 494

158 (32)

102 (30)

56 (34)

0.628

 Third heart sound n (%) n = 467

17 (3)

10 (3)

7 (4)

0.746

 Murmur n (%) n = 473

185 (37)

110 (33)

75 (45)

0.019

 Irregular heartbeats n (%) n = 498

153 (31)

66 (20)

87 (52)

<.001

 Rales n (%) n = 459

151 (30)

75 (22)

76 (46)

<.001

 Pleural effusion n (%) n = 412

34 (7)

15 (5)

19 (11)

0.008

Cardiac history

 Hypertension n (%)

236 (47)

146 (44)

90 (54)

0.025

 Myocardial infarction n (%) n = 490

81 (16)

37 (11)

44 (27)

<.001

 Arrhythmia n (%) n = 476

132 (28)

54 (17)

78 (50)

<.001

 Coronary ischemia n (%) n = 490

113 (23)

57 (17)

56 (34)

<.001

 Valvular heart disease n (%) n = 495

38 (8)

13 (4)

25 (15)

<.001

 Coronary bypass graft n (%) n = 496

40 (8)

17 (5)

23 (14)

0.003

 Pace maker n (%) n = 493

19 (4)

8 (2,4)

11 (7)

0.059

 Heart failure in history n (%)

112 (22)

35 (10)

77 (46)

<.001

Blood sample

 NT- pro BNP mean (IQR) n = 493 nmol/L

138 (3–4130)

61 (3–3427)

292 (13–4130)

<.001

 Creatinine μmol/l mean (SD) n = 493

88 (51)

82 (44)

99 (61)

<.001

 Haemoglobin mmol/l mean (SD) n = 467

8,0 (0,90)

8,1 (0,87)

7,8 (0,93)

0.002

Co-morbidity

 Diabetes mellitus n (%)

107 (21)

63 (19)

44 26)

0.048

 COPD n (%)

83 (17)

45 (13)

38 (23)

0.007

 CVA n (%)

207 (41)

131 (39)

76 (46)

0.153

Cardiac risk factors

 BMI mean (SD) n = 488

25 (5)

25 (5)

26 (5)

0,224

 Hypercholesterolemia n (%) n = 444

130 (26)

88 (26)

42 (25)

0.209

 Smoking n (%) n = 492

68 (14)

46 (14)

22 13)

0.358

Cognitive function

 MMSE mean (SD) n = 477

14 (9)

13 (9)

16 (8)

0.011

  1. NYHA New York Heart Association, PND paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, HPR hepatojugular reflux, RV right ventricle, NT-proBNP N-terminal of prohormone brain natriuretic peptide, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CVA cerebrovascular accidents, BMI body mass index, MMSE mini mental state examination