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Table 1 Comparison of Frailty index

From: Prevalence of frailty and contributory factors in three Chinese populations with different socioeconomic and healthcare characteristics

Type

Questions

Item in Beijing

Item in Hong Konga

Chronic disease historyb

Hypertension

1

1

 

Cardiovascular disease

2

2

 

COPD

3

3

 

Stroke

4

4

 

Dementia

5

5

 

Diabetes type I or II

6

6

 

Arthritis

7

7

 

Tumor

8

8

 

Cataract

9

9

 

Heart failure

10

10

 

Kidney failure

11

11

 

Deaf

12

-

 

Thyroid disease

-

12

Functional assessment

Geriatric Depression Score ≥ 8

13

13

 

MNA < 24

14

14

 

MMSE < 24

15

15

 

Tinetti’s Mobility Test (POMA) < 24

16

-

 

Repeated chair stand (5 stands) > 15 sec

-

16

Geriatric syndromes

Joint pain or inflammation

17

17

 

Gout

18

18

 

Risk of fallc

19

19

 

Osteoporosis

20

20

 

Arterial Sclerosis

21

21

 

Difficulty in movementd

22

22

 

Less activity

23

23

 

Often feel fatigue or tired

24

24

 

Weight loss > 3 kg in past 3 months

25

25

 

Vision loss in past 3 months

26

26

 

Urinary inconsistence

27

-

 

Fecal inconsistence

28

-

 

Memory loss

29

-

 

Hearing loss in past 3 months

30

-

 

Difficulty in climbing several stairs

-

27

 

Accomplished less daily activities due to emotional problem

-

28

 

Difficulty in moderate activities

-

29

 

Difficulty in social life

-

30

 

Fall in past 12 months

-

31

 

Poor health

-

32

 

Ever fracture

-

33

Physical or lab examination

BMI < 19

31

34

 

Dsylipideamia (mmol/l)e

32

-

 

Plasma fasting glucose (mmol/l)f

33

-

 

Blood urine acidg

34

-

  1. aFor 34 items in Beijing, there are 23 same items in Hong Kong
  2. bChronic disease history, “Did any doctor or clinic has diagnosed you have following diseases?”
  3. cRisk of fall: any 2 or more of the following 6 questions: Q1. Do need a lot of efforts to reach objects above head? Q2 .Do you often wear large slippers or lose sleeping grown at home? Q3. Do you take a lot of efforts to pick up objects on the floor? Q4. Do you take a lot of efforts to step in or get out of bathtub? Q5.Do you take a lot of efforts to stand up from a chair or sit down? Q6. Do you need assistant of holding any thing while walking?
  4. dDifficulty in movement: any 3 or more of the following 9 questions: Q1: Do you have smaller and smaller letters of your hand writing? Q2: Do you have weaker voice when you speak than before? Q3: Do you have less facial expression than before? Q4: Are you feeling rigidity or stiffness when you move? Q5: Do you have less waving hands or arms when walk? Q6: Is your hand or any part of body shaking sometimes? Q7: Do you often been ask for repeat because your voice was softer or unclear? Q8: Have you fell down in past 12 months? Q9: Do you lean forward with shuffling steps while walking?
  5. eTG ≥ 200 or TCH ≥ 240 or LDL ≥ 160 or HDL < 40
  6. fPFG > 110
  7. gUA > 420 for male, UA > 360 for female
  8. FI = x/34