Table 1 Variables, operationalization and measures of the study
Variable type | Operationalization | Measure |
|---|---|---|
Matching | Cognition | Cognitive Performance Scale [36] |
Activities of daily living (ADL) | ADL-Hierarchy Scale [37] | |
Quality of care outcomes | Structure indicators: number of residents and caregivers; total amount of hours worked; educational level of caregivers; competences of caregivers | Documentation care facility + semi-structured interviews formal caregiver |
Process indicators: presence of protocols patient safety; accessibility of protocols; the way protocols are followed | ||
Outcome indicators: falling incidents; pressure ulcers; malnutrition; use of psychotropic drugs; use of restraints | Questionnaire (quality framework responsible care) | |
Primary outcome measure | Daily life | Maastricht Electronic Daily Life Observation tool (MEDLO-tool) [38] |
Secondary outcome measures | Social engagement | Revised Index for Social Engagement (RISE) [40] |
Quality of life | Quality of Life- Alzheimer’s Disease (QoL-AD) [41] | |
QUALIDEM [43] | ||
Behavioral symptoms | Neuropsychiatric Inventory – Nursing Home Version (NPI-NH) [45] | |
Agitation | Cohen Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) [47] | |
Additional variables | Demographics | Medical record |
Comorbidity | Medical record | |
Cognitive impairment | Standardized Mini Mental State Examination (S-MMSE) [49, 50] | |
Activities of daily living (ADL) | ||
Severity of dementia | Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) [53] | |
Environmental characteristics | Checklist | |
Experiences formal and informal caregivers | Formal: a specific description of a ‘typical’ day, necessary competences, required skills, attitude and knowledge, training/schooling, pros and cons of working within a particular care environment, work-related pressure and the quality of care in general. | Semi-structured interviews |
Informal: the process of choosing a particular care setting, expectations regarding the quality of care, the general perspective on quality of care, positive and negative experiences with the care facility and points of improvement. |