TY - JOUR AU - Tomassini, C. AU - Glaser, K. AU - Wolf, D. A. AU - Groenou, M. I. B. AU - Grundy, E. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Living arrangement among older people: overview of trends in Europe and the USA JO - Population Trends VL - 115 ID - Tomassini2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Martin, L. A. PY - 1990 DA - 1990// TI - Changing intergenerational family relations in East Asia JO - Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci VL - 510 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716290510001008 DO - 10.1177/0002716290510001008 ID - Martin1990 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Frasure-Smith, N. AU - Lespérance, F. AU - Gravel, G. AU - Masson, A. AU - Juneau, M. AU - Talajic, M. AU - Bourassa, M. G. PY - 2000 DA - 2000// TI - Social support, depression, and mortality during the first year after myocardial infarction JO - Circulation VL - 101 UR - https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.101.16.1919 DO - 10.1161/01.CIR.101.16.1919 ID - Frasure-Smith2000 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kop, W. J. AU - Berman, D. S. AU - Gransar, H. AU - Wong, N. D. AU - Miranda-Peats, R. AU - White, M. D. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Social network and coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic individuals JO - Psychosom Med VL - 67 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000161201.45643.8d DO - 10.1097/01.psy.0000161201.45643.8d ID - Kop2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hirdes, J. P. AU - Forbes, W. F. PY - 1992 DA - 1992// TI - The importance of social relationships, socioeconomic status and health practices with respect to mortality among healthy Ontario males JO - J Clin Epidemiol VL - 45 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(92)90010-K DO - 10.1016/0895-4356(92)90010-K ID - Hirdes1992 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rees, C. A. AU - Karter, A. J. AU - Young, B. A. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Race/ethnicity, social support, and associations with diabetes self–care and clinical outcomes in NHANES JO - Diabetes Educ VL - 36 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721710364419 DO - 10.1177/0145721710364419 ID - Rees2010 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rodriguez, C. J. AU - Elkind, M. S. AU - Clemow, L. AU - Jin, Z. AU - Tullio, M. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Association between social isolation and left ventricular mass JO - Am J Med VL - 124 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.09.011 DO - 10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.09.011 ID - Rodriguez2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Christakis, N. A. AU - Fowler, J. H. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - The spread of obesity in a large social network over 32 years JO - N Engl J Med VL - 357 UR - https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa066082 DO - 10.1056/NEJMsa066082 ID - Christakis2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lund, R. AU - Due, P. AU - Modvig, J. AU - Holstein, B. E. AU - Damsgaard, M. T. AU - Andersen, P. K. PY - 2002 DA - 2002// TI - Cohabitation and marital status as predictors of mortality––an eight year follow–up study JO - Soc Sci Med VL - 55 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00219-2 DO - 10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00219-2 ID - Lund2002 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Koskinen, S. AU - Joutsenniemi, K. AU - Martelin, T. AU - Martikainen, P. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Mortality differences according to living arrangements JO - Int J Epidemiol VL - 36 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dym212 DO - 10.1093/ije/dym212 ID - Koskinen2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crockett, A. J. AU - Cranston, J. M. AU - Moss, J. R. AU - Alpers, J. H. PY - 2002 DA - 2002// TI - The impact of anxiety, depression and living alone in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease JO - Qual Life Res VL - 11 UR - https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015517606893 DO - 10.1023/A:1015517606893 ID - Crockett2002 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Börü, U. T. AU - Oztürk, E. AU - Taşdemir, M. AU - Sur, H. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Living alone following first–ever stroke: a prospective study in Turkey identifying the risk factors and evaluating their effects JO - N Z Med J VL - 120 ID - Börü2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Herttua, K. AU - Martikainen, P. AU - Vahtera, J. AU - Kivimäki, M. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Living alone and alcohol–related mortality: a population–based cohort study from Finland JO - PLoS Med VL - 8 UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001094 DO - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001094 ID - Herttua2011 ER - TY - STD TI - Holwerda TJ, Beekman AT, Deeg DJ, Stek ML, van Tilburg TG, Visser PJ, et al. Increased risk of mortality associated with social isolation in older men: only when feeling lonely? Results from the Amsterdam Study of the Elderly (AMSTEL). Psychol Med. 2012;42(4):843–53. ID - ref14 ER - TY - STD TI - Schmaltz HN, Southern D, Ghali WA, Jelinski SE, Parsons GA, King KM, et al. Living alone, patient sex and mortality after acute myocardial infarction. J Gen Intern Med. 2007;22(5):572–8. ID - ref15 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Case, R. B. AU - Moss, A. J. AU - Case, N. AU - McDermott, M. AU - Eberly, S. PY - 1992 DA - 1992// TI - Living alone after myocardial infarction. Impact on prognosis JO - JAMA VL - 267 UR - https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1992.03480040063031 DO - 10.1001/jama.1992.03480040063031 ID - Case1992 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Udell, J. A. AU - Steg, P. G. AU - Scirica, B. M. AU - Smith, S. C. AU - Ohman, E. M. AU - Eagle, K. A. AU - Goto, S. AU - Cho, J. I. AU - Bhatt, D. L. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Living alone and cardiovascular risk in outpatients at risk of or with atherothrombosis JO - Arch Intern Med VL - 172 UR - https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2012.2782 DO - 10.1001/archinternmed.2012.2782 ID - Udell2012 ER - TY - STD TI - Gopinath B, Rochtchina E, Anstey KJ, Mitchell P. Living alone and risk of mortality in older, community–dwelling adults. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(4):320–1. ID - ref18 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Perissinotto, C. M. AU - Stijacic Cenzer, I. AU - Covinsky, K. E. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Loneliness in older persons: a predictor of functional decline and death JO - Arch Intern Med VL - 172 UR - https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2012.1993 DO - 10.1001/archinternmed.2012.1993 ID - Perissinotto2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Davis, M. A. AU - Neuhaus, J. M. AU - Moritz, D. J. AU - Segal, M. R. PY - 1992 DA - 1992// TI - Living arrangements and survival among middle–aged and older adults in the NHANES I epidemiologic follow–up study JO - Am J Public Health VL - 82 UR - https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.82.3.401 DO - 10.2105/AJPH.82.3.401 ID - Davis1992 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Steinbach, U. PY - 1992 DA - 1992// TI - Social networks, institutionalization, and mortality among elderly people in the United States JO - J GerontoL VL - 47 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/47.4.S183 DO - 10.1093/geronj/47.4.S183 ID - Steinbach1992 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wolinsky, F. D. AU - Johnson, R. L. AU - Stump, T. E. PY - 1995 DA - 1995// TI - The risk of mortality among older adults over an eight–year period JO - Gerontologist. VL - 35 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/35.2.150 DO - 10.1093/geront/35.2.150 ID - Wolinsky1995 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Simons, L. A. AU - McCallum, J. AU - Simons, J. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Impact of loneliness and living alone JO - JAMA Intern Med VL - 173 UR - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.1611 DO - 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.1611 ID - Simons2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jagger, C. AU - Clarke, M. PY - 1988 DA - 1988// TI - Mortality risks in the elderly: five–year follow–up of a total population JO - Int J Epidemiol VL - 17 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/17.1.111 DO - 10.1093/ije/17.1.111 ID - Jagger1988 ER - TY - STD TI - Murata C, Takaaki K, Hori Y, Miyao D, Tamakoshi K, Yatsuya H, et al. Effects of social relationships on mortality among the elderly in a Japanese rural area: an 88–month follow–up study. J Epidemiol. 2005;15(3):78–84. ID - ref25 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rozzini, R. AU - Trabucchi, M. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Health status in elderly persons living alone JO - JAMA Intern Med VL - 173 UR - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.1601 DO - 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.1601 ID - Rozzini2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Holt–Lunstad, J. AU - Smith, T. B. AU - Baker, M. AU - Harris, T. AU - Stephenson, D. PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta–analytic review JO - Perspect Psychol Sci VL - 10 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614568352 DO - 10.1177/1745691614568352 ID - Holt–Lunstad2015 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hanson, B. S. AU - Isacsson, S. O. AU - Janzon, L. AU - Lindell, S. E. PY - 1989 DA - 1989// TI - Social network and social support influence mortality in elderly men JO - Am J Epidemio VL - 130 ID - Hanson1989 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kandler, U. AU - Meisinger, C. AU - Baumert, J. AU - Lowel, H. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Living alone is a risk factor for mortality in men but not women from the general population: a prospective cohort study JO - BMC Public Health VL - 7 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-7-335 DO - 10.1186/1471-2458-7-335 ID - Kandler2007 ER - TY - STD TI - Staehelin K, Schindler C, Spoerri A, Zemp Stutz E. Marital status, living arrangement and mortality: does the association vary by gender? J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011;66(7):e22. ID - ref30 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Covinsky, K. E. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - The differential diagnosis of living alone: comment on “Living alone and risk of mortality in older, community–dwelling adults” JO - JAMA Intern Med VL - 173 UR - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.1617 DO - 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.1617 ID - Covinsky2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Umberson, D. PY - 1992 DA - 1992// TI - Gender, marital status and the social control of health behavior JO - Soc Sci Med VL - 34 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(92)90259-S DO - 10.1016/0277-9536(92)90259-S ID - Umberson1992 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Miller–Tutzauer, C. AU - Leonard, K. E. AU - Windle, M. PY - 1991 DA - 1991// TI - Marriage and alcohol use: A longitudinal studyof maturing out JO - J Stud Alcohol VL - 52 UR - https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1991.52.434 DO - 10.15288/jsa.1991.52.434 ID - Miller–Tutzauer1991 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Grundy, E. M. AU - Tomassini, C. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Marital history, health and mortality among older men and women in England and Wales JO - BMC Public Health VL - 10 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-554 DO - 10.1186/1471-2458-10-554 ID - Grundy2010 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Manzoli, L. AU - Villari, P. AU - M Pirone, G. AU - Boccia, A. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Marital status and mortality in the elderly: a systematic review and meta–analysis JO - Soc Sci Med VL - 64 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.08.031 DO - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.08.031 ID - Manzoli2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Niti, M. AU - Yap, K. B. AU - Kua, E. H. AU - Tan, C. H. AU - Ng, T. P. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Physical, social and productive leisure activities, cognitive decline and interaction with APOE–epsilon4 genotype in Chinese older adults JO - Int Psychogeriatr VL - 20 UR - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610207006655 DO - 10.1017/S1041610207006655 ID - Niti2008 ER - TY - STD TI - Department of Statistics, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Republic of Singapore. Census of Population 2010 Statistical Release 2: Households and Housing. http://www.singstat.gov.sg/publications/publications–and–papers/cop2010/census10_stat_release2#sthash.rEF1KOMS.dpuf UR - http://www.singstat.gov.sg/publications/publications-and-papers/cop2010/census10_stat_release2#sthash.rEF1KOMS.dpuf ID - ref37 ER - TY - STD TI - National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Final report. Circulation. 2002;106:3143–3421. ID - ref38 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Sheikh, J. I. AU - Yesavage, J. A. ED - Brink, T. L. PY - 1986 DA - 1986// TI - Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): recent evidence and development of a shorter version BT - Clinical gerontology: a guide to assessment and intervention PB - the Haworth Press CY - New York, NY ID - Sheikh1986 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nyunt, M. S. Z. AU - Jin, A. Z. AU - Fones, C. S. L. AU - Ng, T. P. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Criterion–based validity and reliability of the Geriatric Depression Screening Scale (GDS–15) in a large validation sample of community–living Asian older adults JO - Aging Ment Health VL - 13 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860902861027 DO - 10.1080/13607860902861027 ID - Nyunt2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Collin, C. AU - Wade, D. T. AU - Davies, S. AU - Horne, V. PY - 1988 DA - 1988// TI - The Barthel ADL Index: a reliability study JO - Int Disabil Stud VL - 10 UR - https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288809164103 DO - 10.3109/09638288809164103 ID - Collin1988 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mp, L. AU - Brody, E. M. PY - 1969 DA - 1969// TI - Assessment of older people: self–maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living JO - Gerontologist VL - 9 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/9.3_Part_1.179 DO - 10.1093/geront/9.3_Part_1.179 ID - Mp1969 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ng, T. P. AU - Niti, M. AU - Chiam, P. C. AU - Kua, E. H. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Physical and cognitive domains of the instrumental activities of daily living: validation in a multiethnic population of Asian older adults JO - J Gerontol Biol Med Sci VL - 61 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/61.7.726 DO - 10.1093/gerona/61.7.726 ID - Ng2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Niti, M. AU - Ng, T. P. AU - Chiam, P. C. AU - Kua, E. H. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Item response bias was present in Instrumental Activity of Daily Living Scale in Asian older adults JO - J Clin Epidemiol VL - 60 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.07.012 DO - 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.07.012 ID - Niti2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Haslbeck, J. W. AU - McCorkle, R. AU - Schaffer, D. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Chronic illness Self–Management While Living Alone in Later Life: A Systematic Integrative Review JO - Res Aging VL - 34 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027511429808 DO - 10.1177/0164027511429808 ID - Haslbeck2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Huang, L. H. AU - Lin, Y. C. PY - 2002 DA - 2002// TI - The health status and needs of community elderly living alone JO - J Nurs Res VL - 10 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JNR.0000347602.81885.69 DO - 10.1097/01.JNR.0000347602.81885.69 ID - Huang2002 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Prohaska, T. R. AU - Glasser, M. PY - 1996 DA - 1996// TI - Patients’ views of family involvement in medical care decisions and encounters JO - Res Aging VL - 18 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027596181004 DO - 10.1177/0164027596181004 ID - Prohaska1996 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stone, R. AU - Cafferata, G. L. AU - Sangl, J. PY - 1987 DA - 1987// TI - Caregivers of the frail elderly: A national profile JO - Gerontologist VL - 27 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/27.5.616 DO - 10.1093/geront/27.5.616 ID - Stone1987 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Burnette, D. ED - Riessman, C. K. PY - 1993 DA - 1993// TI - Managing chronic illness alone in late life: Sisyphus at work BT - Qualitative studies in social work research PB - SAGE CY - Thousand Oaks, CA ID - Burnette1993 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bucholz, E. M. AU - Krumholz, H. M. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Loneliness and Living Alone: What Are We Really Measuring? JO - Arch Intern Med VL - 172 UR - https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2012.2649 DO - 10.1001/archinternmed.2012.2649 ID - Bucholz2012 ER -