Characteristic | Non-users | New users | p value* | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of residents | n = 44,636 | n = 3,132 | ||
n (%) | n (%) | |||
Demographic | ||||
Age, mean (SD) | 83.23 (9.5) | 82.51 (8.8) | <0.0001 | |
Under 65 | 2,152 (4.8) | 128 (4.1) | <0.0001 | |
65–74 years | 3,685 (8.3) | 323 (10.3) | ||
75–84 years | 15,159 (34.0) | 1,231 (39.3) | ||
85+ years | 23,640 (53.0) | 1,450 (46.3) | ||
Gender | ||||
Female | 30,241 (67.7) | 1,902 (60.7) | <0.0001 | |
Clinical | ||||
Functional Scales and CAPS | ||||
ADL Hierarchy Scalea | 0 | 4,457 (10.0) | 230 (7.3) | <0.0001 |
1-2 | 13,557 (30.4) | 1,023 (32.7) | ||
3+ | 26,622 (59.6) | 1,879 (60.0) | ||
CHESSb | 0 | 25,085 (56.1) | 1,782 (56.9) | 0.047 |
1-2 | 17,924 (40.1) | 1,211 (38.7) | ||
3+ | 1,654 (3.7) | 139 (4.4) | ||
CPSc | 0 | 9,392 (21.0) | 242 (7.7) | <0.0001 |
1-2 | 17,960 (40.2) | 943 (30.1) | ||
3+ | 17,284 (38.7) | 1,947 (62.2) | ||
Communication CAP | 13,819 (31.0) | 1,331 (42.5) | <0.0001 | |
Delirium CAP | 3,048 (6.8) | 338 (10.8) | <0.0001 | |
Comorbidities | ||||
Comorbid Conditions, mean (SD) | 4.66 (2.2) | 4.34 (2.1) | <0.0001 | |
Any Dementia | 21,541 (48.3) | 2,337 (74.6) | <0.0001 | |
Congestive Heart Failure | 6,538 (14.7) | 342 (10.9) | <0.0001 | |
Hypertension | 25,770 (57.7) | 1,691 (54.0) | <0.0001 | |
Diabetes (type I and/or II) | 11,064 (24.8) | 658 (21.0) | <0.0001 | |
Other Clinical Symptoms | ||||
Hearing Impairment | 16,809 (37.7) | 1,152 (36.8) | 0.33 | |
Vision Impairment | 17,910 (40.1) | 1,227 (39.2) | 0.30 | |
Paind | 20,355 (45.6) | 1,116 (35.6) | <0.0001 | |
Motor Agitation | 3,172 (7.1) | 445 (14.2) | <0.0001 | |
Delusions | 418 (0.9) | 82 (2.6) | <0.0001 | |
Depressive symptomse | 8,111 (18.2) | 599 (19.1) | <0.0001 | |
Urinary Tract Infection | 3,315 (7.4) | 213 (6.8) | 0.20 | |
Medication Use | ||||
Number of Medications, mean (SD) | 9.44 (4.8) | 8.48 (4.7) | <0.0001 | |
Other Psychoactive Medicationsf | 20,932 (46.9) | 1,611 (51.4) | <0.0001 | |
Social | ||||
Any Behavioural problemg | 14,416 (32.3) | 1,853 (59.2) | <0.0001 | |
Conflict with Staff | 1,409 (3.2) | 168 (5.4) | <0.0001 | |
Conflict with Family/Friends | 1,863 (4.2) | 223 (7.1) | <0.0001 | |
Reduced Social Engagement | 27,618 (61.9) | 1,620 (51.7) | <0.0001 | |
Isolation | 1,468 (3.3) | 131 (4.2) | 0.007 | |
Treatments and Service Use | ||||
Use of restraints | 2,916 (6.5) | 224 (7.2) | 0.18 | |
Hospital Stay | 12,626 (28.3) | 800 (25.5) | 0.001 | |
Emergency Department visits | 6,752 (15.1) | 461 (14.7) | 0.54 | |
Other | ||||
Days between assessments (baseline to follow up) mean (SD) | 85.48 (15.6) | 85.74 (15.4) | 0.002 |