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Table 3 Validity of COPE community health workers assessment against clinical diagnosis as external reference criterion

From: Identifying common impairments in frail and dependent older people: validation of the COPE assessment for non-specialised health workers in low resource primary health care settings

 

Prevalence according to COPE assessment and clinician

Agreement between COPE assessment and clinician (CHW first)

Indicators of agreement

Validity coefficients

Impairments

CHW/ COPE

Clinician judgment

+/+

+/−

−/+

−/−

% Overall agreement

Kappa value (SE)

Sensitivity % (95 % CI)

Specificity % (95 % CI)

Positive predictive value %

Negative predictive value %

Nutrition

82 (53.9 %)

98 (65.3 %)

64

18

34

34

65.3 %

0.28

65.3 %

65.4 %

78.0 %

50.0 %

MV = 2

(0.07)

(55.0–74.6 %)

(50.9–78.0 %)

(67.5–86.4 %)

(37.6–62.4 %)

Mobility

124 (81.6 %)

137 (91.3 %)

113

8

24

5

91.3 %

0.14

83.2 %

38.5 %

93.4 %

17.9 %

MV = 2

(0.07)

(75.8–89.0 %)

(13.8–68.4 %)

(87.5–97.1 %)

(6.1–36.8 %)

Vision

66 (45.8 %)

148 (98.7 %)

64

1

76

1

45.8 %

−0.02

45.7 %

50.0 %

98.5 %

1.3 %

MV = 8

MV = 2

(0.02)

(33.2–50.8 %)

(1.3–98.7 %)

(90.3–99.9 %)

(0.03–7.1 %)

Hearing

104 (68.4 %)

99 (66.0 %)

77

26

15

24

71.1 %

0.33

83.7 %

48.0 %

74.7 %

61.5 %

MV = 8

MV = 2

(0.08)

(74.5–90.6 %)

(33.6–62.6 %)

(65.2–82.8 %)

(44.6–76.6 %)

Continence

34 (22.4 %)

53 (34.9 %)

25

8

29

88

75.2 %

0.41

47.2 %

90.7 %

73.5 %

75.9 %

MV = 1

MV = 2

(0.08)

(33.9–60.5 %)

(84.9–96.5 %)

(58.4–68.6 %)

(68.1–83.7 %)

Cognition

58 (38.2 %)

116 (78.4 %)

49

7

67

25

50.0 %

0.12

42.2 %

78.1 %

87.5 %

27.2 %

MV = 4

(0.05)

(33.1–51.7 %)

(60.0–90.7 %)

(75.9–94.8 %)

(18.4–37.4 %)

Mood

91 (59.9 %)

123 (82.0 %)

81

10

42

17

65.3 %

0.20

65.9 %

63.0 %

89.0 %

28.8 %

MV = 2

(0.07)

(57.4–75.5 %)

(42.4–80.6 %)

(79.4–94.2 %)

(19.5–45.5 %)

Behaviour

73 (48.0 %)

84 (56.0 %)

52

20

32

46

65.3 %

0.31

61.9 %

69.7 %

72.2 %

59.0 %

(0.08)

(66.9–85.8 %)

(47.8–72.4 %)

(61.0–80.4 %)

(54.3–79.4 %)