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Table 2 Sex-specific unadjusted functional outcomes by dynapenia/obesity category—baseline and 48-month follow-up

From: Dynapenic obesity and the effect on long-term physical function and quality of life: data from the osteoarthritis initiative

   

Males

N = 756

   

Females

N = 1269

  
  

Dynapenic obesity

Dynapenia no obesity

Obesity no dynapenia

Neither dynapenia nor obesity

p b

Dynapenic obesity

Dynapenia no obesity

Obesity no dynapenia

Neither dynapenia nor obesity

p b

  

N = 68

N = 184

N = 186

N = 318

 

N = 114

N = 309

N = 296

N = 550

 

Gait Speed

Baseline

1.21 ± 0.15

1.30 ± 0.21#

1.28 ± 0.19*

1.39 ± 0.18*

<0.001

1.11 ± 0.23

1.27 ± 0.23#

1.22 ± 0.19#

1.33 ± 0.19#

<0.001

 

Follow-up

1.19 ± 0.19

1.25 ± 0.20

1.26 ± 0.18

1.36 ± 0.19#

<0.001

1.08 ± 0.22

1.23 ± 0.22#

1.19 ± 0.19#

1.31 ± 0.18#

<0.001

 

p-valuea

0.05

0.009

0.05

<0.001

0.60c

0.03

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.32c

400 M Walk

Baseline

399.4 ± 4.9

399.3 ± 8.9

398.6 ± 19.3

398.7 ± 17.1

0.95

388.0 ± 54.5

397.8 ± 24.4*

394.1 ± 38.7#

397.7 ± 22.5*

0.01

 

Follow-up

366.1 ± 87.6

395.6 ± 30.4#

395.4 ± 29.4#

398.8 ± 18.0#

<0.001

383.6

395.7 ± 35.4

387.0 ± 51.0

394.0 ± 36.6

0.05

 

p-valuea

0.01

0.20

0.07

0.59

<0.001c

0.04

0.08

<0.001

0.003

0.03c

LLDFI-Frequency

Follow-up

52.6 ± 6.9

53.5 ± 6.3

53.9 ± 6.4

53.9 ± 5.1

0.004

54.5 ± 7.8

56.5 ± 6.3

55.1 ± 5.8

57.3 ± 6.5*

<0.001

LLDFI Limitations

Follow-up

75.3 ± 15.2

80.6 ± 15.2

82.4 ± 14.7*

85.2 ± 14.9#

<0.001

75.2 ± 17.3

79.5 ± 14.2

78.5 ± 15.3

82.9 ± 14.5#

<0.001

SF-12 PCS

Baseline

43.8 ± 9.6

49.7 ± 7.6#

48.6 ± 7.9#

51.5 ± 7.0#

<0.001

42.0 ± 10.9

48.2 ± 9.0#

47.6 ± 9.0#

50.8 ± 7.9#

<0.001

 

Follow-up

41.0 ± 11.2

47.1 ± 8.5#

46.8 ± 8.7

#49.9 ± 8.0#

<0.001

40.7 ± 11.5

47.1 ± 9.0*

45.3 ± 10.0#

49.5 ± 8.3#

<0.001

 

p-valuea

0.003

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.38c

0.09

0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.20c

SF-12 MCS

Baseline

55.1 ± 9.6

55.2 ± 7.6

55.2 ± 7.9

56.2 ± 7.0

0.006

53.3 ± 10.9

54.7 ± 9.0

53.7 ± 9.0

54.6 ± 7.9

0.17

 

Follow-up

55.4 ± 7.2

55.3 ± 8.0

54.5 ± 8.5

55.5 ± 6.9

0.59

54.6 ± 10.3

54.1 ± 8.1

53.5 ± 9.4

54.3 ± 7.6

0.59

 

p-valuea

0.52

0.89

0.25

0.13

0.50c

0.52

0.06

0.82

0.14

0.42c

  1. Physical and Mental Component Scores are part of the Short-Form 12 assessment
  2. Obesity represented as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; Dynapenia represented as lowest tertile in Males (Knee extensor strength <365.8 N, and in Females (<235.3 N)
  3. A decrease in Gait Speed and 400 m walk test, represent reductions in mobility speed and fitness. Higher scores of Late-life function and disability scores represent better function (or less disability). A drop in Short-Form 12 score (physical and mental) represents a reduction in self-reported health status
  4. Multiple comparison analyses performed between Dynapenic Obesity group and other groups: *P < 0.05; #P < 0.001
  5. LLFDI late-life function & disability index, MCS mental component, PCS physical component, SF short form
  6. All values represented are means ± standard deviation or count (%)
  7. ap-values within groups represent significance of change from baseline to follow-up
  8. bp-values represent overall test of difference in means between groups
  9. cP-values represent differences in change from baseline to follow-up between groups