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Table 4 Scores for men in the social, psychological and physical domains according to the three frailty stages

From: Fried phenotype of frailty: cross-sectional comparison of three frailty stages on various health domains

 

All

Non-frail

Pre-frail

Frail

P-value

n = 4,619

n = 3,366

n = 999

n = 254

 

Social domain

Social network type (%)

family dependent

22.0

21.1

23.3

28.4

0.211

 

locally integrated

41.1

43.5

36.0

28.9

 

local self-contained

21.1

19.9

24.4

23.7

 

wider community focused

8.1

8.9

6.2

3.9

 

private restricted

7.8

6.6

10.1

15.1

Informal care use in past 12 months (%)

yes, and still present

10.6

3.2

23.6

59.4

<0.001

 

no

88.7

96.2

75.6

40.2

Loneliness (De Jong-Gierveld, 0–11)a

 

2.8 (±3.1)

2.3 (±2.8)

3.9 (±3.5)

5.1 (±3.7)

<0.001

Psychological domain

Psychological distress (K-10, 10–50)

 

15.0 (±6.0)

13.2 (±3.8)

18.5 (±7.0)

25.3 (±8.4)

<0.001

Mastery (Pearlin & Schooler, 7–35)

 

26.4 (±5.5)

27.6 (±4.7)

23.9 (±5.8)

18.6 (±5.4)

<0.001

Self-management (SMAS-S, 1–6)

 

4.1 (±0.7)

4.2 (±0.6)

3.8 (±0.7)

3.3 (±0.8)

<0.001

Physical domain

Chronic diseases (%)

diabetes

17.0

13.8

24.6

30.6

<0.001

 

stroke/cerebral haemorrhage or infarction (past 12 months)

1.8

1.0

3.3

7.5

<0.001

 

myocardial infarction (ever)

17.1

13.7

23.9

36.4

<0.001

 

other heart conditions (CHF or AP) (past 12 months)

8.0

5.1

14.4

21.5

<0.001

 

cancer (ever)

19.0

17.1

22.9

29.0

<0.001

 

asthma or COPD (past 12 months)

15.2

11.0

24.5

32.4

<0.001

 

hip or knee arthrosis (past 12 months)

31.7

25.8

44.8

56.2

<0.001

 

chronic joint inflammation (past 12 months)

10.9

7.0

18.8

32.2

<0.001

 

back problems (incl. hernia) (past 12 months)

18.8

14.3

28.4

39.8

<0.001

Number of chronic diseases (%)

0

31.0

38.0

14.0

5.5

<0.001

 

1

33.2

35.2

29.6

21.7

 

2

18.8

17.2

23.4

21.7

 

≥3

17.0

9.6

33.0

51.2

GARS IADL-disability (7–28)

 

11.4 (±5.2)

9.9 (±3.7)

14.3 (±5.8)

20.8 (±5.6)

<0.001

OECD disability

1 or more disabilities (%)

23.8

11.7

47.6

92.4

<0.001

  1. aPreferable score is underlined