Table 3 Scores for the total population in the social, psychological and physical domains according to the three frailty stages

Social network type (%)

family dependent

22.5

21.8

22.7

27.8

0.049

locally integrated

40.1

42.5

37.0

31.5

local self-contained

21.6

20.6

24.0

21.8

wider community focused

8.2

9.2

7.4

3.7

private restricted

7.6

6.0

8.9

15.2

Informal care use in past 12 months (%)

yes, and still present

14.3

3.9

23.8

60.6

<0.001

no

84.3

95.1

74.2

37.7

Loneliness (De Jong-Gierveld, 0–11)^a

3.0 (±3.3)

2.3 (±2.8)

3.8 (±3.5)

5.3 (±3.7)

<0.001

Psychological distress (K-10, 10–50)

15.9 (±6.4)

13.6 (±4.0)

18.4 (±6.6)

25.3 (±8.2)

<0.001

Mastery (Pearlin & Schooler, 7–35)

25.8 (±5.6)

27.3 (±4.8)

24.1 (±5.6)

19.2 (±5.6)

<0.001

Self-management (SMAS-S, 1–6)

4.1 (±0.7)

4.2 (±0.6)

3.9 (±0.7)

3.4 (±0.8)

<0.001

Chronic diseases (%)

diabetes

16.8

12.5

22.0

31.8

<0.001

stroke/cerebral haemorrhage or infarction (past 12 months)

1.7

0.9

2.5

4.9

<0.001

myocardial infarction (ever)

12.6

9.8

15.2

25.0

<0.001

other heart conditions (CHF or AP) (past 12 months)

8.0

4.6

12.4

19.2

<0.001

cancer (ever)

18.8

16.8

21.3

25.9

<0.001

asthma or COPD (past 12 months)

15.5

11.1

21.0

28.5

<0.001

hip or knee arthrosis (past 12 months)

41.2

30.2

56.2

69.1

<0.001

chronic joint inflammation (past 12 months)

15.2

7.3

24.8

40.0

<0.001

back problems (incl. hernia) (past 12 months)

21.3

14.1

29.3

44.7

<0.001

Number of chronic diseases (%)

0

29.0

38.3

15.6

5.0

<0.001

1

32.1

36.0

27.6

18.3

2

19.8

16.9

25.4

22.8

≥3

19.1

8.8

31.4

53.9

GARS IADL-disability (7–28)

11.2 (±5.2)

9.2 (±3.3)

13.0 (±5.4)

19.7 (±5.4)

<0.001

OECD disability

1 or more disabilities (%)

29.4

12.0

49.0

93.9

<0.001