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Table 1 Characteristics of participants according to CESD-R score status (<16 vs. ≥ 16), N = 668*

From: Elevated circulating vascular cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) is associated with concurrent depressive symptoms and cerebral white matter Hyperintensities in older adults

Baseline Characteristics

CESD-R scorea

P Value

<16 (n = 489, 73 %)

≥16 (n = 179, 26 %)

Demographics

   

Age, mean (SD), y

77.9 ± 5.3

78.4 ± 5.5

0.44

Gender

  

0.071

Men

193 (39.5)

57 (31.8)

Women

296 (60.5)

122 (68.2)

White Race

397 (81.2)

138 (77.0)

0.58

Educational level, mean (SD), y

14.98 ± 5.1

14.97 ± 8.1

0.11

Health behaviors

   

Body mass index, kg/m2,b

  

0.31

<25

148 (30.3)

62 (34.6)

25-29.9

208 (42.5)

78 (43.6)

≥30

133 (27.2)

39 (21.8)

Current smoker

283 (57.9)

102 (57.)

0.84

Alcohol use (Endorsing ≥2 drinks per week)

136 (27.8)

35 (19.6)

0.03

Physical activity scorec

  

0.024

0- 66

139 (28.4)

68 (38.0)

66.01-124

164 (33.5)

59 (33.0)

124.01-559

181 (37.0)

49 (27.4)

Health conditions

   

Comorbidity index

2.8 ± 1.4

3.8 ± 1.8

<.0001

Hypertension

374 (76.5)

147 (82.1)

0.075

Hyperlipidemia

285 (58.3)

103 (57.5)

0.54

Diabetes

84 (17.2

42 (23.5)

0.066

Previous Stroke

39 (8.0)

27 (15.1)

0.007

Coronary artery disease

67 (13.7)

40 (22.4)

0.0044

Congestive Heart failure

16 (3.3)

18 (10.1)

0.0004

Cognitive impairment (MMSE < 24)d

42 (8.6)

30 (16.8)

0.0026

Medications

   

Any cardiovascular medication

320 (65.4)

134 (74.86)

0.024

Psychotropic Medication

30 (6.1)

16 (8.94)

0.21

Biomarkers measures

   

C-Reactive Protein, mean (SD), mg/L

3.8 ± 12.3

5.3 ± 14.8

0.19

Interleukin-6, mean (SD), pg/mL

3.8 ± 7.5

4.2 ± 5.7

0.046

Soluble ICAM-1, mean (SD), ng/mL

258 ± 75

273 ± 87

0.064

Soluble VCAM-1, mean (SD), ng/mL

1176 ± 417

1239 ± 451

0.036

  1. sVCAM-1 Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1, sICAM-1 Soluble Inter Cellular Adhesion Molecule-1. *Missing values = 12 from 680;‡Global test: χ2 or Fisher’s exact test for binary variables; analysis of variance for continuous variables.
  2. aCESD-R, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Revised
  3. bBody mass index is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared
  4. cPhysical activity tertiles measured using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly
  5. dMini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) cut off point for cognitive impairment