Table 4 Odds ratios of factors associated with unmet LTC needs, 2005–2011, urban (n = 3,730)

Age

0.99*

0.99*

0.99*

0.98*

Men (women)

0.89

0.85

0.86

0.92

Han ethnicity (non-Han)

0.83

0.83

0.81

0.79

2008 wave (2005)

1.01

1.00

0.98

0.94

2011 wave (2005)

1.01

1.00

0.97

0.95

Longevity areas (no)

1.07

1.08

1.06

0.99

1-6 years of schooling (0)

1.08

1.11

1.10

1.14

7+ years of schooling (0)

1.34

1.35

1.35

1.38

White collar job (no)

0.88

0.86

0.86

0.89

Financial independence (no)

0.48***

0.56***

0.57***

0.65***

Family is rich compared to neighbors (no)

0.49***

0.48***

0.49***

0.56***

Timely medication (no)

0.58**

0.59***

0.67*

Currently married (no)

1.14

1.14

1.12

Number of living children

0.98

0.98

0.99

Coresidence with children (no)

1.00

1.02

1.02

Spouse is the primary caregiver (daughter/son-in-law)

1.08

1.07

1.03

Son/daughter-in-law is the primary caregiver (daughter/son-in-law)

1.37**

1.35**

1.35**

Other person is the primary caregiver (daughter/son-in-law)

1.54***

1.49***

1.47**

Caregiver is willing to provide care (no)

0.19***

0.19***

0.23***

Care service is available in neighborhood (no)

1.27

1.35

Expectation of access to neighborhood care service (no)

1.34***

1.30**

Severe ADL disability (no)

1.21*

Cognitively impaired (no)

1.20

Good self-rated life satisfaction (no)

0.67**

Good self-rated health (no)

0.75**

Optimistic (no)

0.70***

Having 1+ chronic diseases (no)

0.97

Frequent involvement in leisure activities

0.93

Doing regular exercise (no)

0.80

rho

0.058

0.059

0.057

0.061

Wald chi square

113.9***

177.1***

179.5***

217.8***