Table 1 Sample distribution by rural/urban status
From: Unmet needs in long-term care and their associated factors among the oldest old in China
Rural (n = 3,774) | Urban (n = 3,730) | Rural (n = 3,774) | Urban (n = 3,730) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total sample (%) | 50.3a | 49.7a | Primary caregiver (%) | ||
Age groups (%) | Spouse | 5.4 | 6.3 | ||
80-89 years | 16.4 | 18.9 | Son/daughter-in-law | 67.3 | 46.4 |
90-99 years | 37.5 | 38.1 | Daughter/son-in-law | 12.7 | 21.9 |
100+ years | 46.1 | 43.0 | Other persons | 14.6 | 25.5 |
Sex (%) | Caregiver is willing to provide care (%) | ||||
Women | 74.0 | 66.3 | No | 14.0 | 12.9 |
Men | 26.0 | 33.7 | Yes | 86.0 | 88.1 |
Ethnicity (%) | Community personal care service is available (%) | ||||
Non-Han | 6.3 | 4.4 | No | 98.2 | 94.4 |
Han | 93.7 | 95.6 | Yes | 1.8 | 5.6 |
Wave (%) | Expectation of access to community-based care services (%) | ||||
2005 | 36.7 | 41.6 | No | 38.1 | 44.0 |
2008 | 42.4 | 35.4 | Yes | 61.9 | 56.0 |
2011 | 21.0 | 23.0 | Average score of frequent leisure activities (ranges 8–40) | 10.5 | 11.8 |
Years of schooling (%) | Doing regular exercise (%) | ||||
0 | 83.4 | 67.6 | No | 90.8 | 83.3 |
1-6 | 13.8 | 23.1 | Yes | 9.2 | 16.7 |
7+ | 2.8 | 9.3 | Severely ADL disabled (%) | ||
White collar job (%) | No | 63.5 | 63.5 | ||
No | 97.6 | 90.2 | Yes | 36.5 | 36.5 |
Yes | 2.4 | 9.8 | Cognitively impaired (%) | ||
Financial independence (%) | No | 16.3 | 27.2 | ||
No | 25.7 | 22.4 | Yes | 83.7 | 72.8 |
Yes | 74.3 | 77.6 | Good self-rated life satisfaction (%) | ||
Family is rich compared to neighbors (%) | No | 58.2 | 49.2 | ||
No | 87.0 | 83.0 | Yes | 41.8 | 50.8 |
Yes | 13.0 | 17.0 | Good self-rated health (%) | ||
Timely medication (%) | No | 72.5 | 70.1 | ||
No | 13.0 | 6.0 | Yes | 27.5 | 29.9 |
Yes | 87.0 | 94.0 | Optimistic (%) | ||
Currently married (%) | No | 54.9 | 45.5 | ||
No | 89.3 | 87.2 | Yes | 45.1 | 54.5 |
Yes | 10.7 | 12.8 | Having 1+ chronic diseases (%) | ||
Average no. of living children | 3.2 | 3.4 | No | 39.0 | 27.6 |
Coresidence with children (%) | Yes | 61.0 | 72.4 | ||
No | 11.9 | 11.6 | Living in longevity areas (%) | ||
Yes | 88.1 | 88.4 | No | 90.4 | 92.2 |
Yes | 9.6 | 7.8 | |||