Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants (n = 201)

Age (years)^a)

79.7 ± 3.8

Sex (female)^c)

118 (58.7)

BMI (kg/m²)^a)

24.1 ± 3.2

Weakness (yes)^c)

23 (11.4)

Slowness (yes)^c)

43 (21.4)

Exercise habit (yes)^c)

86 (42.8)

Smoking (yes)^c)

64 (31.8)

TMIGIC (point)^b)

13 [11, 13]

Social support score (point)^b)

5 [4, 5]

Morbidity (yes)^c)

150 (74.6)

Snow shovelling habit (yes)^c)

165 (82.1)